Proper Selection of Rolling Bearing Clearance
Source: China Bearing Network | Date: March 29, 2014
Bearing clearance plays a crucial role in the smooth and efficient operation of rolling bearings. Choosing the right clearance is essential to ensure even distribution of load among the rolling elements, as well as to control axial and radial movement of the shaft or housing. This helps maintain the precision of rotation, allows the bearing to operate at an appropriate temperature, and minimizes vibration and noise during operation. The selection of bearing clearance should take into account not only the operating conditions—such as load, speed, and temperature—but also the specific performance requirements, like friction torque, vibration, noise, and rotational accuracy. Additionally, several other factors must be considered: 1. **Interference Fit**: The fit between the bearing and the shaft or housing can reduce the internal clearance. 2. **Thermal Expansion**: A temperature difference between the inner and outer rings can cause the clearance to decrease during operation. 3. **Material Expansion**: Differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the shaft and housing can lead to changes in clearance over time. According to industry experience, the ideal working clearance for ball bearings is typically close to zero, while roller bearings generally require a small amount of clearance for optimal performance. In applications that demand high rigidity—such as machine tool spindles—it may be necessary to apply a controlled preload to enhance stiffness and accuracy. Choosing the correct clearance is not just about performance; it directly affects the bearing’s lifespan, heat generation, and overall operational stability. Therefore, careful consideration and proper calculation are essential when selecting the right clearance for any given application.
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