Proper Selection of Rolling Bearing Clearance
Source: China Bearing Network | Date: March 29, 2014
The clearance in a rolling bearing is a crucial factor that affects its overall performance and lifespan. Choosing the right clearance ensures even load distribution across the rolling elements, controls axial and radial movement of the shaft or housing, and maintains the precision of rotation. Proper clearance also helps maintain the bearing’s operating temperature, reduces vibration and noise, and enhances overall efficiency. When selecting the appropriate bearing clearance, it's important to consider several factors beyond just the basic operating conditions (such as load, speed, and temperature) and performance requirements (like friction, vibration, noise, and rotational accuracy). Additional considerations include: 1. **Interference Fit**: The tight fit between the bearing and the shaft or housing can reduce the effective clearance. 2. **Thermal Expansion**: Temperature differences between the inner and outer rings of the bearing can cause changes in clearance during operation. 3. **Material Expansion**: Different thermal expansion coefficients of the shaft and housing materials may lead to variations in clearance over time. Experience has shown that for ball bearings, the ideal working clearance is typically close to zero, while roller bearings usually require a small amount of clearance for optimal performance. In applications where rigidity is critical—such as in machine tool spindles—preloading with a specific value is often applied to enhance stiffness and precision. Selecting the correct clearance not only improves the bearing’s performance but also extends its service life, reduces maintenance needs, and enhances system reliability. Therefore, understanding and properly managing bearing clearance is essential for achieving long-term operational success.
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