After the insecticide is used, it must enter the pest to reach the action site of the insecticide before it can exert its insecticidal effect. But the way different pesticides reach the body of the pest is different. Therefore, only by fully understanding the pest's own characteristics and living habits, as well as mastering the knowledge of pesticides, we can use the correct pesticide formula for pests in the process of chemical control.
First, select pesticides according to the characteristics of pests and mouthparts
We know that there are nine target insects in agricultural production that are the main agricultural pests. They are Coleoptera (beetles), Lepidoptera (Moth butterfly), Orthoptera (è—, 蟋蟀, è¼è›„), Hymenoptera. (Lepidopter, Stem bee), Isoptera (termite), Thysanoptera (Puma), Diptera (Musicidae), Hemiptera (è½), Homoptera (è‰, è™±, 蚧) , èšœ class). However, most insecticides can enter the insect through the insect mouthparts, and then reach the target of the nervous system to play its insecticidal role. Therefore, understanding the pest's mouthparts is critical to our choice of pesticide formulations to ensure insecticidal effects. According to the feeding characteristics of pests, they can be classified according to the characteristics of the mouthparts.
1. Chewing mouthparts pests: These mouthparts pests must feed on plant leaves or other tissues when they are harming crops, causing damage such as leaf nicks. The main pests are Lepidoptera larvae (such as leaf curlers, Noctuidae larvae, citrus swallowtails, etc.), Coleoptera pests (beetles), Orthoptera nymphs and adults (è—, 蟋蟀, è¼è›„), membranous wings The larvae and adults, the insecticides with strong stomach toxicity have the most obvious effect on the control of such pests, and the insecticides with good systemicity but lack of contact and stomach toxicity are ineffective against such pests. In production, we can control such pests and choose pesticides with good gastric toxicity. Such as wearing the first armor, fluoride tiger, treatment, whole insect killing, insects and so on have a good stomach toxicity, can be widely used to control the jumping armor, moth butterfly larvae, aphids and other pests.
2, absorption mouthparts pests: such pests through the insect mouth device to suck the plant young tissue, the main pests of the absorbing juice in the tissue are aphids, spider mites, mites, mites, adults, mosquitoes, Hummers, etc., such pests should choose insecticides with good systemic or invasive properties and good stomach toxicity. High red, fluorination ratio and selling point have good systemic action and can be used to control aphids, thrips and planthoppers.
Second, the infiltration of insecticides and the application of contact agents in pest control
The insecticide with contact action mainly enters the body through the body surface of the pest, so the body wall structure of the pest is characterized by the effect of the contact agent. The waxy and lipid compounds contained in the epidermis of the pest body have no affinity with water, so the insect epidermis is usually not wetted by water. When the insecticide is diluted and used, it is sprayed onto the worm, and the liquid is accumulated. It is integrated into a spherical shape and is lost from the surface of the worm. The body surface like the scale insect has a thick wax, the liquid is less likely to be wet, and the contact agent loses its own insecticidal power. To solve this problem, in addition to the ingredients of the pesticide itself, pesticide additives and dosage forms are also the key factors to solve this problem. This may be the reason why pesticides of the same composition have different insecticidal effects produced by different manufacturers. Therefore, the quality of the emulsifier in the emulsifiable concentrate, the microemulsion, and the aqueous emulsion is the key to improving the effect of the insecticide, and the effects of the adhesive, the wetting agent, and the synergist are not negligible.
When considering the role of contact agents, we also consider the infiltration effect of pesticides. Understanding this effect is of great significance for our use of pesticides. Like organophosphorus pesticides, except for some systemic effects, others have good contact and stomach toxicity, but most of them have good infiltration effect, which can improve the penetration of pesticide particles into the surface of the insect body. Insects, such as Baiduite, is a preparation formulated by phoxim and chlorpyrifos. It has good contact and stomach toxicity and can be widely used to control chewing mouthparts such as moth butterfly larvae. Most of the pyrethroid insecticides are not systemic, and the contact and stomach toxicity are the main modes of action, and have good infiltration, so the insecticidal activity is also very broad-spectrum, such as fluoride tiger, wearable top three, etc. Control pests such as leaf beetles and moth butterfly larvae. In addition, the role of infiltration has a major advantage, which can be used to control some of the drill-bit pests in the grass family, such as Gaoming, which is an organophosphorus pesticide, which is infiltrated. The effect is very good, so the feedback is effective in controlling rice aphids, and now it has become a formula trend for controlling rice aphids in some areas of our district. Therefore, in the prevention and control of some drill-bit pests, we can consider insecticides with good infiltration properties, but not necessarily insecticides with good systemic properties.
In fact, many pesticides have a variety of insecticidal mechanisms, but we need to understand how they work more prominently.
Third, the use of chitin synthesis inhibitors and ecdysone
These insecticides mainly affect the formation of chitin in the surface of the pest or the abnormality of the molting. These insecticides have a strong stomach toxicity and are therefore only used in the larval or nymphal stage, and the chewing mouthparts are Good, but it is not effective in other stages of pests (sputum, adult). These insecticides generally have a relatively slow effect. In order to improve the speed-killing effect, we often mix it with pyrethroids, organophosphorus and the like. Due to the low use of such insecticides, the current use of a number of highly resistant pests is significant, and the key is to use larvae or nymphs at a young age. Such as Cai Delong, killing Qianlong (butyl ether urea), etc. used to control moth butterfly larvae, the addition of card bliss or Jielong or Qifeng or deoxymethylated salt in the formula can improve the quick-acting effect of control, for buprofezin In order to control the fly nymphs, etc., adding high-red ingredients, the quick-acting effect is obviously increased. (In fact, Zhengao is a compound of buprofezin and imipenem, which is a strong combination for the control of planthopper pests.)
4. Prevention and treatment of underground pests
The underground pests mainly include: cockroaches (chafer larvae), ground tigers (a moth pest), cockroaches, cockroaches, and some pests such as flower buds and leaf beetles. Due to their living characteristics, they may be in the soil at some stage. Life, we also regard this stage as a underground pest, and it is necessary to use underground pest control agents for prevention and control.
Underground pests are mainly in the soil or on the soil surface because of their special damage. After pesticide application, pesticides should be considered to combine with soil particles. Some pesticides will lose the insecticidal effect when combined with soil, so it is very important for pesticide selection. Because this pesticide will not bind to soil particles and become ineffective after being applied to the soil. At present, it is mainly used for the application of green groves or mixed with fertilizers. Of course, it can also be controlled by water, such as chlorpyrifos, whole insecticide or avirulence. It is also a good control method.
V. Formulation for some special pests
The fruitworm is a pest that is difficult to control on fruit trees. It is seriously harmful on plums, peaches, longan, litchi, and citrus. Many growers have a real headache for it. Although adults are harmed by their thorns, some People also use some systemic insecticides to spray control, but the effect is very small. In fact, the prevention and control in this area is mainly controlled by repellents. At present, the insecticide feedback with better repellent effect is fluoride. Cyanamide triazole is a good formulation that is sprayed once every 15 days at 1500 times during fruit ripening. Because Gaoming also has a strong repellent taste, it can also be sprayed with 1500 times in the damage period.
However, the fruit fly in the melon crops and citrus is currently reported in serious cases in individual areas, and the prevention and control is not very satisfactory. In this regard, we mainly consider the traits of fruit flies on sweet and sour foods, and make attractants for prevention and treatment. The drug night chooses to use cytotoxic, avidin, standard energy, etc., mixed with sweet and sour liquid to make a trap to induce trapping.
6. Formulation for drill collar pests
In order to harm the beetles on the branches, the prevention and treatment method is mainly based on high-concentration liquid injection, and the agent is selected to have an insecticide having a fumigation effect or a systemic action, such as a 20-30 times injection of cytotoxicity into the wormhole. Other medicines can be selected by injection of Emerald, Goodyear, etc.
For example, the hibiscus moth, the winged moth, etc., which are responsible for the damage of the current year, should control the hatching period of the pest eggs for spraying. The medicament should preferably be an insecticide having good gastric toxicity, good contact toxicity (and good infiltration). For example, pears and pears that control pear trees can be sprayed with Gaoming or Zhifu during the spring period. When spraying, pay attention to spray the branches that were drawn in the same year.
For some drill collar pests on grass crops, it is also mentioned that the insecticide with strong infiltration property can penetrate into the stem of the plant after being used on the grass crop, so that it can also Achieve better control results. Such as 螟手手,ä¼ é™¤,高明, etc., although not systemic, but its strong permeability can kill rice mites, so this type of formula is also very popular in the market.
In short, in the use of pesticides, the knowledge is very extensive. As mentioned above, it is only a small part of it. In the chemical control of pests, we must continue to master a variety of knowledge, not only to understand the role of various pesticides. Characteristics, at the same time to understand the living habits of pests, combined with the growth phenology of crops, only by truly mastering these three aspects of knowledge, you can become a real botanical doctor.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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