The survival rate of tea seedlings plays a crucial role in determining the yield of the following year. To maximize early income, it is essential to implement proper measures across several key areas:
1. **Choosing the Right Planting Time**: The best time to transplant tea seedlings is when root growth has slowed down, typically during late autumn (mid-October to November) or early spring (late February to March). Autumn planting is generally most favorable as it allows the seedlings to establish themselves before the next growing season.
2. **Controlling Seedling Quality**: Before transplanting, ensure that the seedlings are wrapped in moist soil to protect their roots. The size of each bundle should be moderate, ideally containing 50–100 plants. After tying, it's recommended to coat the roots with yellow mud and wrap the base with straw for added protection. For long-distance transport, keep the seedlings shaded and wind-protected, and stack them tightly to maintain freshness. If not planted immediately, store them in a cool place and mist them regularly or temporarily plant them to keep them alive.
3. **Careful Planting Process**: When planting, dig a trench and place the seedlings in it, ensuring the depth is around 20–25 cm. Fill the trench gradually, making sure the soil is well compacted. Level the ground and water the roots thoroughly. It’s also important to trim the leaves 15–20 cm above the ground to reduce water loss through transpiration.
4. **Drought Protection**: One of the main challenges to seedling survival occurs during the second year’s hot and dry season. To mitigate this, perform timely weeding and apply basal fertilizer. If possible, provide irrigation and use shade materials like fresh pine branches to protect the young plants from intense sunlight.
5. **Pest and Disease Management**: Open spaces in tea gardens can lead to rapid weed growth, which competes with seedlings for nutrients and moisture. Weeds must be removed promptly. Additionally, monitor for pests such as underground insects and small green leafhoppers that can damage buds and leaves. Early intervention is key to preventing serious infestations.
By following these steps, tea growers can significantly improve the survival rate of their seedlings, leading to better yields and higher profits in the long run.
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