Beware of disruptive technologies in the photovoltaic industry

Since the year of 2014, Internet thinking has been in the ascendant, and many Internet giants have always spoke of disruptive innovation. In short, subversive products can open up a new market - the so-called new-market disruption; or they can provide existing products with a simpler, cheaper or more convenient and efficient way. Alternatives - that is, low-end disruption.

Disruptive technologies are everywhere, and the photovoltaic industry is no exception. Therefore, PV companies must tighten their nerves when expanding their production scales or new projects, and they must pay attention to disruptive technologies and innovations. Take the battery cell technology as an example. Once subversive technologies are introduced and the battery conversion efficiency is greatly improved, and the cost and process are comparable to existing products and even better than existing products, then for enterprises that produce large-scale production of existing products, Is no different from a strategic battle! The transition is related to the life and death of enterprises and they must be prepared in advance.

In the letter issued by the Department of Comprehensive Affairs of the National Energy Administration on the solicitation of market functions to promote the progress of PV technology and industrial upgrades announced in the previous few days (Guoeng Synergy Energy [2015] No. 51), a leader plan was formulated. The conversion efficiency of polysilicon modules reached 16.5%, which is one percentage point higher than the mainstream products in the current market. Although it is not necessarily a subversive technology, the purpose of the Energy Board is very clear. It is through the leader program that stimulates the market's R&D innovation and fosters innovation. Subversive technology, "to guide the photovoltaic industry, technological progress and industrial upgrading."

Still taking solar cells as an example.

Solar cell conversion efficiency is limited by light absorption, carrier transport, and carrier collection. Since conventional semiconductor batteries can only convert photons near and above the bandgap energy, the visible solar spectral energy is not fully utilized. Therefore, making full use of the full spectrum of solar energy is the key to breaking the bottleneck. The improvement in the level of technology alone has limited space for battery efficiency, and further improvements in battery efficiency will depend on the establishment and use of new structures and materials.

The third generation of solar cells is the collective name of these solar cells with new materials and structures. The third-generation solar cells that have been proposed mainly include tandem solar cells, multi-bandgap solar cells, and hot carrier solar cells.

These battery structures use different technical approaches to solve problems such as grid line refinement, selective diffusion, and surface passivation of batteries, which can increase the efficiency of battery industrialization by 2 to 3 percentage points. Among them, the PERL (passivated emitter-back-local-diffused) battery is an abbreviation for passivated emitter and backside diffused solar cells, with an efficiency of 24.7%, close to the theoretical value. The highest record.

Once the technology is industrialized, equipment and processes are all different, then where will the conventional crystalline silicon cell manufacturers go? Ships are difficult to turn around. The bigger the scale, the greater the risk.

Therefore, while valuing their own large-scale production, companies must pay attention to their own R&D capabilities. At the same time, they must maintain a keen insight and active and sustained attention to emerging technologies in the market, and make early preparations to avoid being disrupted by technology. Heavy damage! (The author WeChat public account: Photovoltaic experience network)

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