1. Inspection Items: Typically, the test items following the heat treatment of copper alloy castings include the following:
1. Appearance and Dimensions: Based on the drawing specifications, appropriate measuring tools are used to ensure that the casting dimensions fall within the allowable tolerance range.
2. Hardness Testing: The hardness of the casting is checked to confirm whether it meets the requirements specified in the process standards. This is often done using a hardness tester, and results are compared with standard values.
3. Metallographic Examination: This involves observing the microstructure of the casting under a microscope. The grain size distribution, presence of precipitates, and any signs of overheating, overaging, or abnormal microstructural changes are analyzed. These observations are then evaluated according to established industry standards to determine if the heat treatment was successful.
2. Heat Treatment Defects and Remedies: Despite careful control, copper and copper alloy castings can still develop certain defects during the heat treatment process. Common defects and their corresponding solutions are summarized in Table 10-2 below.
Some typical defects may include excessive grain growth, intergranular oxidation, cracking, or uneven hardness distribution. To prevent these issues, it's essential to strictly follow the recommended heating rates, holding times, and cooling procedures. In cases where defects have already occurred, corrective actions such as reheat treatment, stress relief, or surface finishing may be applied depending on the nature of the problem. Proper documentation and regular quality checks are also crucial for maintaining consistent product quality and minimizing future defects.
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