When selecting imported bearings, it's crucial to ensure they are suitable for your mechanical application based on their size, specifications, and rotational speed. Here's a detailed breakdown of key considerations:
First, the size limitation plays a major role in bearing selection. The space available for installation is often restricted by mechanical design or Other constraints. Typically, the shaft diameter (or the inner diameter of the bearing) is fixed, which directly influences the type and size of the bearing you can choose. Most standard imported bearings are manufactured according to international standards, with dimensions primarily based on the inner diameter.
Standard bearings come in a wide range of sizes, and it's generally advisable to use them when designing mechanical systems. This makes procurement easier. However, some non-standard bearings may not be readily available in mainland China, leading to long lead times or even unavailability. Therefore, it's important to consider both the time and cost implications of sourcing these bearings later.
The load capacity of the bearing is another critical factor. Bearings must handle various types of loads—axial, radial, or combined—and the rated load is usually listed in the dimension table. When comparing similar-sized ball and needle bearings, needle roller bearings typically offer higher load capacity and better resistance to vibration and shock.
Next, the operating speed is an essential consideration. The maximum allowable speed depends on factors like bearing type, size, accuracy, cage design, load, lubrication method, and cooling system. For standard precision bearings, the speed limits under oil and grease lubrication are provided in the bearing catalog. Deep groove ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings are commonly used in high-speed applications.
Precision is also vital. The dimensional and rotational accuracy of imported bearings follows ISO and JIS standards. For high-precision and high-speed machines, bearings with at least grade 5 accuracy are recommended. Deep groove ball bearings, radial thrust ball bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings are ideal for such applications due to their high running accuracy.
Rigidity is another factor. When the rolling elements and raceways come into contact, elastic deformation occurs. Some machines require minimal deformation, and in such cases, roller bearings tend to have less elastic deformation compared to ball bearings.
Preload is sometimes applied to increase rigidity, especially in deep groove ball bearings, radial thrust ball bearings, and tapered roller bearings. Misalignment due to shaft bending or housing tolerance changes can cause eccentricity between the inner and outer rings. To prevent this, self-aligning ball bearings, self-aligning roller bearings, or self-aligning bearing housings are preferred.
Noise and torque are also important. High-precision bearings produce lower noise and torque. Deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings are well-suited for applications where low noise and low torque are required.
Lastly, installation and disassembly should be considered. Some applications require frequent maintenance, so bearings that allow separate installation of inner and outer rings—such as cylindrical, needle, and tapered bearings—are more convenient. Tapered self-aligning ball bearings and self-aligning roller bearings also simplify installation with the help of bushings.
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