Plastic geogrids are polymer-based meshes that are manufactured through a stretching process. They can be either uniaxially or biaxially stretched, depending on the direction of the stretching during production. The material is typically made from polypropylene or high-density polyethylene, and it starts as an extruded sheet. After being punched, it undergoes oriented stretching under heat, which reorients the polymer molecules and enhances its mechanical properties.
When stretched in one direction, the geogrid becomes uniaxial, offering high strength along its length. If further stretched in a perpendicular direction, it becomes biaxial, providing balanced strength in both directions. This molecular alignment increases the bonding force between the polymer chains, significantly improving the tensile strength while keeping elongation low—only 10% to 15% of the original material. Adding anti-aging agents like carbon black can enhance durability, making the geogrid resistant to environmental factors such as UV radiation, acid, alkali, and corrosion.
Biaxial geogrids are designed with a grid structure that extends in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. This creates a strong, interlocking system that helps distribute loads more effectively within soil layers. Their robust design makes them ideal for large-scale, long-term foundation support and ground reinforcement applications.
Uniaxial geogrids, on the other hand, are produced by extruding a polymer into a thin sheet, punching it into a regular pattern of holes, and then stretching it in one direction. This process aligns the polymer molecules linearly, resulting in a strong, uniform structure with high tensile strength and modulus. The final product features a continuous, elliptical mesh-like form that is particularly effective in reinforcing soils under tension.
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