Introduction Modern manufacturing technology is moving towards high efficiency, high speed, high precision, high integration and high intelligence. Processing intelligence and virtual manufacturing have become the most important components and development direction in modern manufacturing, and have become the international product enhancement. The key technology of competitiveness. At present, the competition among global manufacturing industries is becoming increasingly fierce. To win the competition, enterprises need to be market- and user-centered, respond quickly to market demands, and use the shortest product development time (time) and optimal product quality. , the lowest cost, the best service, that is, to win users and markets with TQCS. Virtual manufacturing technology was put forward in the 1980s on the premise of emphasizing flexibility and speed according to the competitive needs of enterprises. With the development of computers, especially the information technology industry, people received great attention in the 1990s. Get rapid development. In a short period of time, it has become one of the research hotspots in the business and academic circles. It is a frontier topic in the field of science and technology in the world today. At present, a number of emerging industrial sectors have been formed in the United States, Britain, Japan and Western Europe. Commercialized software has matured and is widely used.
The virtual machine tool (virtual machine tool) is a new research field proposed by the development of virtual manufacturing technology. Virtual CNC machine tool is the execution unit of virtual manufacturing and is one of the key basic technologies of virtual manufacturing. Its ultimate goal is to create a real processing environment for virtual manufacturing, simulate the machining process on the computer screen, enhance the decision-making and control capabilities of the manufacturing process, and optimize the manufacturing process.
1 Features and functions of virtual CNC machine tools
1.1 Features of virtual CNC machine tools
a) Good structure: including three aspects: 1) Structure similar to real machine tools. A structure similar to a real machine tool enables a virtual machine to mimic any function of a real machine without causing distortion or loss of a structure due to the use of an approximation; 2) the granularity of the various modules of the machine. The granularity of each module of the virtual machine tool enables each module to be developed and operated independently of each other, thereby enhancing the operability and manageability of the virtual machine tool; 3) the appropriate granularity of each module. The suitability of the granularity of each module of the virtual machine depends on whether the abstraction degree of each module is properly defined, so that the virtual machine tool is not only an abstract framework that can summarize various types of CNC machine tools, but also can easily mount specific modules to simulate. a specific type of CNC machine tool;
b) Perfect graphic interface: The perfect graphic interface enables the user to fully operate the CNC machine tool as in the real environment, and can completely observe the various states of the machine tool operation and various machine tool operating parameters in the form of images. Maximize the integration of human and machine;
c) Complete symbolic data interface: The complete symbolic data interface enables various static and operational states of virtual machine tools to be perceived by the outside world in the form of symbolic data, providing seamless links to other manufacturing software. The outside world can also control the virtual machine tool through the input symbol data;
d) Powerful network support: Powerful network support enables virtual machine tools to serve a variety of real manufacturing resources, providing interoperability with external manufacturing resources in a connected sense;
e) Standard data format: Virtual machine tools can improve the interoperability with external manufacturing resources in a semantic sense by storing, transmitting and processing data in a standard data format.
1.2 Functions of virtual CNC machine tools
The virtual CNC machine tool should be able to simulate different machining methods and different machining materials, complete the operations of the CNC machine tool, realistically display the various actions of the CNC machine tool, and display and evaluate the machining results. Therefore, the system requires the following functions:
a) Simulated machining process: display and simulate CNC control functions, animation processing, check tool trajectory and interference, overcut, collision, etc. and give warnings;
b) Evaluate the quality of the workpiece: display the topological relationship, dimensions, tolerances and surface quality of the 3D solid surface of the workpiece;
c) Estimate the processing cost: through the simulation process, the processing cost can be estimated;
d) Monitoring of the process: monitoring all aspects of the process.
2 Virtual CNC machine tool architecture
A virtual machine, like an actual machine, can be thought of as a collection of interconnected moving parts that perform the required relative motion and provide an instantaneous spatial positional relationship between the workpiece and the relevant points on the workpiece tool system. Because the types of machine tools are varied and the variety is ever-changing, in order to be able to express various machine tools, it is necessary to adopt a modular principle and customize various standard modules, so that a small number of modifications can be used to build models of various machine tools. Each module should be standardized, generalized, integrated, hierarchical, flexible, economical, interchangeable, compatible and relevant, making the system open and adaptable. According to the characteristics and functions of the virtual CNC machine tool, the functional modules of the virtual CNC machine tool system can be divided as follows (Figure 1):
a) NC compilation module: In order to enable the virtual CNC machine to recognize the NC program, the NC compiler module has been developed. Its function is to accept the NC code and translate it into information about the motion of the machine parts and tools.
b) Motion control module: The motion control module determines the motion state of the machine tool and each axis according to the NC program, sends motion instructions to each moving component, and collects feedback information of each axis;
c) operation panel module: the operation panel module includes the operation panel button function of the real numerical control machine tool and the menu of the virtual numerical control machine tool;
d) Cutting calculation module: According to the relative position of the workpiece and the tool, perform interference judgment, perform cutting calculation on the workpiece with interference and regenerate the workpiece model;
e) Machine tool scene module: Establish the working environment of the virtual machine tool.
The virtual machine tool can not exist independently from the actual machine tool. It is the simulation of the real machine tool in the computer. The virtual machine tool is inseparable from the real machine tool. The conclusion of the virtual machine tool is that it needs to be verified by the real machine tool. Only the conclusion that is consistent with the real machine tool is the correct conclusion.
3 Application and prospect of virtual CNC machine tools
The application of virtual CNC machine tools will bring a revolutionary leap to the manufacturing industry. Since the virtual CNC machine tool is a digital model, it is easy to realize the display, analysis, transmission and iterative update of the digital model, providing the possibility of parallel operation for the design, improving the product design quality and shortening the product development cycle in an economical and quick way. Using virtual CNC machine technology, it can provide critical data for manufacturability analysis in the product design process, and can quickly complete various tasks that are inconvenient to operate on the machine tool, such as completing the debugging of the NC program, measuring the product processing error, and evaluating the processing efficiency. And check the interference and other situations. Virtual machine tools can also be used to optimize cutting parameters, optimize tool paths, and increase machine tool productivity. The use of machine tool processing and user interaction functions can provide an effective means for enterprises, schools, CNC personnel training, fast, safe and resource-free, and help machine tool manufacturers to realistically demonstrate their products to remote customers. Provide the best development for the manufacturing industry and provide a basis for decision making for the optimization of the process. The network function of the virtual CNC machine tool guarantees the true realization of remote cooperation.
Virtual CNC technology is a comprehensive technical system formed by many advanced disciplines and advanced knowledge. It is a potential frontier research field. Due to the rapid development of multimedia technology and network technology and simulation technology, virtual CNC technology will achieve faster development. Virtual machine tools are the core of virtual processing technology. Networking, intelligence and integration are the development direction of virtual manufacturing technology. The development goal of virtual machine tool software should be based on the domestic reality and the development trend of foreign software, to develop practical small-scale software for engineering for specific machine tools. As a kind of accessory of this type of CNC machine tool, a certain type of virtual machine tool is used to improve the market competitiveness of CNC machine tools and increase the added value of machine tool products. The application of virtual CNC machine tools will bring vitality to manufacturing technology and push the research and development of virtual CNC machine tools to a new stage.
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