1 , prevention and treatment of viral diseases
　　 1. Choose resistant varieties or hybrids to reduce the risk of infection. 2. Keep the garden clean to prevent the spread of pathogens from weeds or other cruciferous crops. 3. Sow at the right time, avoiding high temperatures and locust seasons. 4. Avoid planting cruciferous crops consecutively. 5. Implement preventive measures: control mites during the seedling stage using 50% imidacloprid wettable powder at 2000-3000 times dilution, or 10% imidacloprid WP at 2000 times dilution. For virus control, apply 300 times diluted No. 1 oil emulsion or virus agents at 500 times dilution, such as 20% or 5% A5000 virus bacterial and viral agents. Spray every 7-10 days for 2-3 applications.
　　 2 , prevention and control of downy mildew
　　 To manage downy mildew, start spraying at the first signs of disease. Use Green Heng 2WP at 600 times dilution, applying 50 kg per acre. Alternatively, use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 500 times dilution, also at 50 kg per acre. Another option is 70% mancozeb at 500 times dilution, with 50 kg per mu. When combining treatments for black spot and downy mildew, mix 40 grams of Green Heng 2WP with 100 grams of 70% mancozeb wettable powder in 40-50 kg of water, and spray once every 5-7 days for 2-3 applications. For soft rot and downy mildew, combine 40 grams of Green Heng No. 6 WP with 30 grams of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder in 40-50 kg of water, repeating every 5-7 days. For soft rot, black rot, and black spot, mix 40 grams of Green Heng No. 6 WP with 50 grams of 70% mancozeb WP and 30 grams of streptomycin, and spray every 5-7 days for better results.
3 , prevention and control of soft rot
　　 1. Select disease-resistant varieties, such as straight-type and green-type cultivars. 2. Implement cultural controls: practice crop rotation with sorghum, remove diseased plants promptly, and apply lime to infected areas. Increase organic fertilizer application, keep the soil well-drained, and promote healthy growth. Cover the soil with mulch before sowing to raise ground temperature and improve soil conditions. Avoid planting in low-lying or clay-heavy soils. 3. Apply chemical treatments early to prevent disease spread. Focus on the base of the plant and petioles. For soil treatment, mix 150 g of quicklime and sulfur (50:1) per square meter for disinfection. Commonly used products include agricultural streptomycin, 47% galene WP at 700-750 times dilution, neomycin, Feng Guardian, 70% dikesone at 500-1000 times dilution, DT bactericide at 500 times dilution, and "Fengling." To treat seeds, mix 15-20 g of medicine with 50 g of seeds. For root treatment, use 100-150 g of medicine per acre mixed with 50 kg of water. For foliar sprays, apply 150-200 g of medicine per acre with 100 kg of water. Treatments should be done in the evening or on cloudy days. It can also be combined with vegetable Fengning or Nongkang 751 for enhanced effectiveness.
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