1 , prevention and treatment of viral diseases
　　 1. Choose resistant varieties or hybrids to reduce the risk of infection. 2. Keep the garden clean by removing weeds and other cruciferous plants that may carry pathogens. 3. Sow at the right time to avoid high temperatures and locust seasons. 4. Avoid planting cruciferous crops in the same area repeatedly. 5. Implement early prevention measures: during the seedling stage, control mites using 50% imidacloprid wettable powder diluted 2000–3000 times or 10% imidacloprid WP diluted 2000 times. For virus control, apply 300 times dilution of No. 1 oil emulsion or 500 times dilution of virus bactericides such as 20% or 5% A5000 virus agents. Spray every 7–10 days for 2–3 times.
　　 2 , prevention and control of downy mildew
　　 To manage downy mildew, start spraying at the first sign of disease. Use Green Heng 2 wettable powder at a 600-fold dilution, applying 50 kg per acre. Alternatively, use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 500 times dilution or 70% mancozeb wettable powder at 500 times dilution, also applying 50 kg per acre. When mixed with black spot or downy mildew, combine 40 grams of Green Hang 2 wettable powder with 100 grams of 70% mancozeb wettable powder in 40–50 kg of water. Apply once every 5–7 days for 2–3 times. If soft rot or black rot is present along with downy mildew, mix 40 grams of Green Hang No. 6 wettable powder with 30 grams of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder in 40–50 kg of water. Repeat every 5–7 days for 2–3 applications. For mixed infections of soft rot, black rot, and black spot, combine 40 grams of Green Hang No. 6 wettable powder with 50 grams of 70% mancozeb wettable powder and 30 grams of streptomycin soluble powder in 40–50 kg of water. Rotate sprays for better results.
　　 3 , prevention and control of soft rot
　　 1. Select disease-resistant varieties like straight-type or green-type. 2. Use agricultural practices: grow sorghum, remove diseased plants promptly, apply lime to infected areas, increase organic fertilizer, cultivate regularly to maintain soil moisture, and promote healthy growth. Cover the field with mulch before sowing to raise ground temperature and improve soil conditions. Avoid low-lying or clay soils. 3. Apply chemical treatments early to prevent spread. Focus on infected plants and surrounding areas, especially near the base of stems. For soil treatment, mix 150 g of quicklime and sulfur (50:1) per square meter for disinfection. Commonly used agents include agricultural streptomycin, 47% galene WP at 700–750 times dilution, neomycin, Feng Guardian, 70% dikesone at 500–1000 times dilution, DT bactericide at 500 times, and "Fengling." For seed dressing, mix 15–20 g of medicine with 50 g of seeds. For rooting, use 100–150 g of medicine per acre with 50 kg of water. For spraying, apply 150–200 g of medicine per acre with 100 kg of water. Perform these treatments in the evening or on cloudy days. It can also be combined with vegetable Fengning or Nongkang 751.
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