Wireless bridges, as their name implies, are devices that connect two or more wireless networks. They enable communication between different network segments using wireless transmission technology. Depending on the communication mechanism, wireless bridges can be categorized into circuit bridges and data bridges.
Circuit bridges operate based on PDH/SDH microwave transmission principles, utilizing a bridging interface protocol. These bridges offer stable data rates and minimal latency, making them ideal for multimedia applications and suitable for use in 3G/4G mobile communication base station interconnections. They support high-quality voice and video transmission, and can be configured with E1, E3, or STM-1 interfaces for carrier-grade performance.
On the other hand, data bridges rely on IP-based transmission. They also implement the bridging principle at the interface level, but they provide greater flexibility in network configuration and are more cost-effective. These bridges are well-suited for data transmission and low-level surveillance image transfer, especially in IP-based network architectures. Their adaptability makes them widely used in various data-centric network solutions.
In addition to the features shared with wired bridges, wireless bridges operate on unlicensed frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz, which simplifies deployment compared to traditional wired devices. This makes them particularly useful in areas where cabling is difficult or impractical.
Regarding data rates, wireless bridges follow standards like 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11a, and 802.11n. The 802.11b standard supports up to 11 Mbps, but actual throughput typically ranges from 4 Mbps to 6 Mbps. The 802.11g and 802.11a standards offer up to 54 Mbps, with turbo modes pushing it to 108 Mbps. Meanwhile, 802.11n can deliver speeds between 150 Mbps and 600 Mbps, depending on configuration.
For circuit bridges, the transmission rate depends on modulation techniques and bandwidth. For example, the PTPC400 can reach 64 Mbps, the PTPC500 up to 90 Mbps, and the PTPC600 up to 150 Mbps. These models often support E1, E3, and STM-1 interfaces, making them ideal for backbone and infrastructure connections.
Some devices combine AP (Access Point) and bridge functions, allowing users to configure them based on needs. However, the main difference between an AP and a wireless bridge lies in their application. An AP is designed for coverage, supporting roaming and authentication for individual mobile users. In contrast, wireless bridges focus on connecting entire networks, usually without user interaction. They are typically deployed outdoors, offering long-range connectivity—up to about 50 km—and strong resistance to interference. They often use parabolic antennas for point-to-point links and have higher power output than typical APs.
Wireless APs, by contrast, are generally used indoors. As access points, they act as intermediaries between wired and wireless networks, enabling devices to connect to the network. They come with built-in antennas and are limited in range, even when using external antennas and power amplifiers. Due to their susceptibility to multi-path interference, their signal stability is not as strong as that of wireless bridges.
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