Nylon (polyamide) classification preparation and application

First, polyamide resin (PA), referred to as PA, commonly known as nylon (Nylon)

Second, the main method of naming: according to the number of carbon atoms of each repeating amide group. The first designated number refers to the number of carbon atoms of the diamine, and the latter number refers to the number of carbon atoms of the dicarboxylic acid.

Third, the type of nylon:

1. Nylon-6 (PA6) nylon-6, also known as polyamide-6, is polycaprolactam. Translucent or opaque opalescent resin.

2. Nylon-66 (PA66) nylon-66, also known as polyamide-66, that is, polyhexamethylene adipamide.

3. Nylon-1010 (PA1010) Nylon-1010, also known as polyamide-1010, that is, isocyanuric acid sunflower diamine. Nylon-1010 is made from castor oil as a basic raw material and is a unique species in China. Its greatest feature is its high ductility, which can be stretched to 3 to 4 times the original length, and it has high tensile strength, excellent impact and low temperature properties, and is not brittle at -60°C.

4. Nylon-610 (PA-610) Nylon-610, also known as polyamide-610, is a polymethylene hexamethylene diamide. Translucent milky white. Its strength is between nylon-6 and nylon-66. Small specific gravity, low crystallinity, less influence on water and humidity, good dimensional stability, self-extinguishing. Used for precision plastic fittings, oil pipes, containers, ropes, conveyor belts, bearings, gaskets, insulation materials in electrical and electronics and instrument housings.

5. Nylon-612 (PA-612) nylon-612, also known as polyamide-612, namely poly-lauryl hexamethylene diamine. Nylon-612 is a tough nylon. Its melting point is lower and softer than PA66. Its heat resistance is similar to that of PA6, but its hydrolysis resistance and dimensional stability are excellent, and its water absorption is low. The main purpose is to make the monofilament bristles of the toothbrush.

6. Nylon-11 (PA-11) Nylon-11, also known as polyamide-11, ie poly-undecalactam. White translucent body. Its outstanding features are low melting temperature and wide processing temperature, low water absorption, good low temperature performance, and good flexibility maintained at -40°C~120°C. Mainly used for automotive oil pipelines, brake system hoses, fiber optic cable coatings, packaging films, daily necessities, and more.

7. Nylon-12 (PA-12) Nylon-12, also known as polyamide-12, polydodecanamide. It is similar to nylon-11 but its density, melting point, and water absorption are lower than that of nylon-11. Because it contains a relatively large amount of toughening agent, it has the combined properties of polyamide and polyolefin. Its outstanding features are high decomposition temperature, low water absorption, and excellent low temperature resistance. It is mainly used for automobile oil pipelines, instrument panels, accelerator pedals, brake hoses, silencer parts for electronic appliances, and cable jackets.

8. Nylon-46 (PA-46) Nylon-46, also known as polyamide-46, polybutylene adipamide. Its outstanding features are high crystallinity, high temperature resistance, high rigidity and high strength. Mainly used for automotive engines and peripheral components such as cylinder heads, cylinder bases, oil seal covers, and transmissions. In the electrical industry, it is used as a contactor, socket, coil bobbin, switch, etc., which require high heat resistance and fatigue resistance.

9. Nylon-6T (PA-6T) Nylon-6T, also known as Polyamide-6T, namely polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Its outstanding features are high temperature resistance (melting point of 370°C, glass transition temperature of 180°C, long-term use at 200°C), high strength, dimensional stability, and good resistance to soldering. Mainly used for automotive components, oil pump cover, air filter, heat-resistant electrical components such as wiring harness wiring board, fuses and so on.

10. Nylon-9T (PA-9T) Nylon-9T, also known as polyamide-6T, namely poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide. Its outstanding features are: low water absorption, 0.17% water absorption; good heat resistance (melting point of 308 °C, glass transition temperature of 126 °C), and its welding temperature of up to 290 °C. Mainly used for electronics, electrical appliances, information equipment and automotive parts.

11. Transparent Nylon (Semi-Aromatic Nylon) Transparent Nylon is an amorphous polyamide and its chemical name is: Poly(p-terephthaloyl) trimethyl hexamethylene diamine. Visible light transmittance of 85% to 90%. It incorporates components with copolymerization and steric hindrance in the nylon component to inhibit the crystallization of nylon, resulting in a non-crystalline and hard-to-crystallize structure, which maintains the original strength and toughness of nylon and results in a transparent, thick-walled product. The mechanical properties, electrical properties, mechanical strength and rigidity of transparent nylon are almost the same as those of PC and polysulfone.

12. Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (aromatic nylon abbreviated as PPA) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (Polyphthalamide) is a high-rigidity polymer, its molecular structure has a high degree of symmetry and regularity, macromolecules There is a strong hydrogen bond between the chains. The polymer has high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, low density, small thermal shrinkage, good dimensional stability, etc. It can be made into high strength, high modulus fiber (DuPont Dupont's fiber trade name: Kevlar, Is armament ** clothing material).

13. Monomer cast Nylon (MC nylon) MC nylon is a kind of nylon-6. Compared with general nylon, it has the following characteristics: A, better mechanical properties: The relative molecular weight of MC nylon is higher than that of general nylon (10000-40000). ) It is twice as high, about 35,000 to 70,000, so it has high strength, good toughness, impact resistance, fatigue resistance and better creep resistance. B, has a certain sound absorption: MC nylon has a sound-absorbing function, is a more economical and practical material to prevent mechanical noise, such as using it to make gears. C, with good resilience: MC nylon products do not produce permanent deformation of the bending, maintain toughness, is subject to high impact load conditions are very important characteristics D, with better wear resistance and self-lubricating properties; E, with and The characteristics of other materials are not bonded; F, the water absorption rate is 2 to 2.5 times lower than that of normal nylon, the water absorption speed is slower, and the product dimensional stability is also better than that of general nylon; G, the molding processing equipment and the mold are simple. Can be directly cast or re-cutting processing, especially for injection molding machine is not easy to produce large parts, multiple varieties and small batch production.

14. Reaction injection molding nylon (RIM nylon) RIM nylon is a block copolymer of nylon-6 and polyether. The addition of polyether makes the toughness of RIM nylon, especially the low temperature toughness, improve the heat resistance, and improve the baking temperature during painting.

15, IPN Nylon IPN (interpenetrating polymer network structure) Nylon and basic nylon similar mechanical properties, but in the impact strength, heat resistance, lubricity and processability have varying degrees of improvement. The IPN nylon resin is a blended pellet of nylon resin and pellets containing a vinyl functional group or silicone functional group-containing silicone resin. During processing, two different functional groups on the silicone crosslink to form IPN ultrahigh molecular weight silicone resin, forming a three-dimensional network structure in the basic nylon resin. However, the cross-linking is only partially formed and the finished product will continue to cross-link until it is completed.

16, electroplating nylon electroplating nylon is filled with mineral fillers modified, with excellent strength, rigidity, heat resistance and dimensional stability. It has the same appearance as electroplated ABS but far exceeds electroplated ABS in performance. The principle of electroplating of nylon is basically the same as that of ABS, that is, the surface of the product is first roughened by chemical treatment (etching process), and then it is subjected to adsorption reduction catalyst (catalytic process), and then electroless plating and electroplating are applied to make copper, nickel, Metals such as chromium form a dense, uniform, tough, and conductive film on the surface of the product.

17. Polyimide (PI) polyimide (PI) is a polymer with an imide group in the main chain. It has high heat resistance and radiation resistance, and it has no burning and resistance at high temperatures. Grinding, dimensional stability, but poor processing. Aliphatic Polyimide (PI): Poor practicability; Aromatic Polyimide (PI): Practical (described below only for aromatic PI). A, PI Heat resistance: Decomposition temperature 500 °C ~ 600 °C (Some species can maintain various properties in a short time at 555 °C, long-term use at 333 °C); B, PI tolerance Extremely low thermal temperature: At -269 °C The liquid nitrogen will not rupture; C, PI mechanical strength: unreinforced elastic modulus: 3 ~ 4GPa; fiber reinforcement: 200 GPa; at 260 °C, the tensile change is slower than aluminum; D, PI resistance Irradiation: Stable under high temperature, vacuum and irradiation, with less volatiles. High intensity retention after irradiation; E, PI dielectric properties: a, dielectric constant: 3.4b, dielectric loss: 10-3c, dielectric strength: 100-300KV/mmd, volume resistivity: 1017F, PI resistance Creep: At high temperatures, the creep rate is lower than aluminum; G, friction properties: In the dry state, when the PI VS metal rubs against the friction surface, it can be self-lubricating, and the coefficient of dynamic friction and coefficient of static friction are very high. Close to prevent crawling ability. H. Disadvantages: The high price limits the application in ordinary civilian industries. All polyamides have a certain degree of hygroscopicity. Water acts as a plasticizer in the polyamide. After the absorption of water, most of the mechanical and electrical properties are reduced, but the toughness and elongation at break increase.

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