Rock wool, also known as mineral wool, is a type of fiber made from natural rocks and minerals. It is composed of fine, fluffy fibers that provide excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties.
Manufactured by melting natural materials such as basalt, gabbro, dolomite, iron ore, and bauxite at high temperatures, the molten material is then spun into fibers using either air or centrifugal methods. This process results in fibers with diameters ranging from 3 to 9 microns, making them lightweight and highly effective for insulation purposes.
Rock wool has been widely used since the 1970s across various industries, including metallurgy, construction, petrochemicals, and machinery. Its typical bulk density ranges from 50 to 200 kg/m³, and it offers low thermal conductivity—approximately 0.029 to 0.046 W/m·K at room temperature, increasing slightly to 0.1 to 0.145 W/m·K at 600°C. It is non-combustible, resistant to mold, and does not emit harmful substances.
There are two main types of rock wool: standard rock wool, which can withstand temperatures up to 900°C, and high-temperature rock wool, capable of enduring temperatures between 1250°C and 1400°C. High-quality rock wool is often preferred in industrial applications where extreme heat resistance is required.
In practice, some people use slag wool as an alternative to rock wool. However, slag wool differs significantly in chemical composition, water resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. These differences can affect performance and durability, making it less suitable for certain applications.
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