Rock wool, also known as mineral wool, is a type of inorganic fiber produced from natural rocks and minerals such as basalt, gabbro, dolomite, iron ore, and bauxite. It is created by melting these raw materials at extremely high temperatures and then processing them into fine, fluffy fibers using methods like air blowing or centrifugal spinning.
These fibers are typically between 3 to 9 microns in diameter, with a bulk density ranging from 50 to 200 kg/m³. Rock wool has excellent thermal insulation properties, with a low thermal conductivity of around 0.029 to 0.046 W/m·K at room temperature, and it remains effective even at higher temperatures, reaching up to 0.145 W/m·K at 600°C. It is non-combustible, resistant to mold, and does not emit harmful substances, making it a popular choice for fire protection and insulation.
Originally developed in the 1970s, rock wool found widespread use in industries such as metallurgy, construction, petrochemicals, and machinery. It was commonly used in building insulation, industrial furnaces, and soundproofing applications. There are two main types: ordinary rock wool, suitable for temperatures below 900°C, and high-temperature rock wool, capable of withstanding temperatures up to 1250–1400°C.
Although some people use slag wool as a substitute for rock wool, it's important to note that the two materials differ significantly in chemical composition, water resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. Slag wool may not offer the same level of durability or performance, especially in high-temperature environments.
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