1, variety selection
Choose heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and good-quality Chinese cabbage varieties suitable for local summer high-temperature planting and consumption habits, mainly including heat-resistant green stalks, long stems such as Zaoshu 5, 'Huaguan', 'Xiamei', and 'Lion Run'. White and so on.
2, soil treatment
Chinese cabbage has higher requirements on soil. At the same time as the former crops are pulled in the clearing of the clearing field, if the damage occurs before the harvest of the former crops, the disease occurs seriously, and the soil should be disinfected with lime and fungi. If the secondary salinization of the soil in the shed is serious, apply the large water flooding salt to wash the salt around the greenhouse before the irrigation, so that it is higher than the soil surface, so that the water is immersed in the soil surface when the water is poured, such as the shed film is not removed. The entire greenhouse can be sealed for 7 days, and some of the bacteria in the soil can be killed by the high temperature in the shed. When conditions permit, the calcium cyanamide (lime nitrogen) can be used in combination to disinfect, the effect will be better, and the soil is soaked for several hours. After the water is drained, the surface soil can be desalted 50-60%.
The soil with heavy soil is changed to vegetable land, and soil improvement must be carried out first. 1-5 months before planting leafy vegetables, select the decomposed organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer that meets the pollution-free standard, such as pig manure, duck manure, chicken manure, etc., according to the usage of 4000-5000 kg per mu, adopt deep-draw method. Apply evenly into the soil layer.
3, soil preparation, application of base fertilizer, mesh coating
The soil is most suitable for sandy loam and loam, and is close to the water source for irrigation. Apply 1000-1500 kg of fully-fertilized manure and compost or 45-75 kg of special fertilizer for vegetables per mu. After cultivating, ridges and ridges are made, and the width is 1.2-1.5 m. After the cultivation in the greenhouse, the shed will not be removed, the apex will be left, the skirt will be removed, and the insect net will be covered at the original skirt; if conditions permit, it can also be covered with insect nets. The greenhouse covered with the insect-proof net group membrane should minimize the coverage of the top film, increase the area of ​​the insect-proof net, increase the ventilation in the shed, prevent the temperature in the shed from being too high, and cause the cabbage leaves to shrink and affect the quality of the cabbage. Or cover the shade net on the roof to make the Chinese cabbage grow normally.
4, sowing
Pour the bottom of the water before sowing, and use strips to broadcast or spread. The amount of seed per mu is 500-1000 grams. Cover with a thin straw or shade net after sowing. Generally, no water is sprayed before emergence, and if the weather is dry, the cover of straw or shade net is sprayed and moisturized in the morning and evening.
5, field management
(1) Interplanting weeding
After 2-3 days of sowing, the seedlings were released, and the cover was removed in time. When the first true leaves were grown, the first seedlings were taken. It is better to go to the dense seedlings sooner rather than later. When 4 true leaves are grown, the second seedling is carried out, and the weak seedlings and diseased seedlings are removed. At the same time, the market can be combined with the market to start the seedling market. At the same time as the seedlings, weeds are removed.
(2) Fertilizer management
After the seedlings, watering 1 or 2 times a day, should be poured in small water, pouring horse water, avoid flooding and watering at noon on sunny days, or use micro-irrigation facilities to spray watering and fertilizing. Generally, the first top dressing is carried out at the heart of 3 leaves and 1 heart. The time, frequency and fertilization amount of topdressing are determined according to the soil fertility condition and the growth potential of the seedlings. Generally, 5-10 kg of urea per acre is applied and evenly applied to the noodle.
(3) Disaster weather management
During the rainy season and when encountering typhoon and rain, the drainage should be cleared in time to prevent water from accumulating in the shed, causing the death of the Chinese cabbage. When the typhoon comes, it should be based on the wind level forecast of the meteorological department, and the anti-Taiwan anti-Taiwan work should be done. If necessary, the film should be uncovered. In the hot and dry weather in summer, water should be watered in the morning and evening, and the horse water should be irrigated. On the one hand, it can fully meet the water demand of the growth of Chinese cabbage, on the other hand, it can adjust the microclimate in the shed and reduce the temperature of the shed.
(4) Pest control
In summer, high temperature and excessive rain, cabbage often occurs dead seedlings, or roots, or soft rot, so the field must be drained smoothly to prevent water accumulation in the field, the field should be removed in time for the soft rot field, and used 8% Ningnanmycin 1000 times solution or 20% thiabendone (Longkes) 500 times solution or 47% Chunleimycin. Copper oxychloride (Galungong) 750 times liquid spray or root irrigation control, Spray once every 5 to 7 days. The main pests of summer cabbage are: aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, whiteflies and so on. Due to the use of insect-proof nets or film covering or full insect net coverage, the invasion of foreign insect sources can be isolated, and it can be applied according to the actual pest occurrence in the seedling stage. The green caterpillar, diamondback moth, Spodoptera litura and beet armyworm can be used 1 billion. PIB/ml Aolu No.1 1000 times solution or 5% chlorantraniliprole SC control; aphids and whiteflies can be suspended by yellow plate or killed with 70% imidacloprid or 10% nitenpyram or 20% acetamiprid SP . Generally, the Chinese cabbage is covered with an insect-proof net plus a film covering cultivation or a whole insect-proof net cover, and the pesticide is controlled once or not at the seedling stage according to the actual situation.
6, harvesting
High temperature season early maturity 5th 20-25 days can be harvested, 'Huaguan', 'Xiamei', 'Lion Run' and other heat-resistant green stem vegetables can be harvested 45-60 days, long stem white generally 35-45 days can be harvested, Generally, after 50 days, the long stem white yield will not increase any more, so it should be harvested in time. The average yield of Chinese cabbage is about 2000 kg.
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