China has abundant forestry waste and agricultural by-products, which can be utilized beyond traditional applications such as papermaking, textiles, and animal feed. A significant portion of these resources can serve as biomass solid fuels, offering a sustainable alternative to depleting fossil fuels like coal and petroleum. Over the past two decades, China has made considerable progress in biomass fuel solid molding technology. In the 1990s, the primary focus was on spiral extrusion molding machines, but this method suffered from issues like severe wear of the screw and die, short service life, high energy consumption, and low production efficiency.
Currently, the ring-mold pellet forming technology is widely adopted, as it significantly improves energy efficiency and productivity, becoming the mainstream in the industry. However, the critical component—the ring mold—still faces challenges such as limited lifespan and high costs, which hinder further development of the technology. This paper presents a detailed force analysis of the ring mold during the pellet-forming process, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing its design.
In the ring-mold pellet forming process, the ring die rotates under motor drive, while the pressure roller rotates around a fixed axis due to friction. The wood material, after being crushed and dried, enters the wedge-shaped space between the ring die and the pressure roller. It undergoes complex deformation processes, including particle rearrangement, plastic flow, and elastoplastic deformation. The molding process can be divided into three zones: the bulk material zone, the deformation compaction zone, and the extrusion forming zone. This is illustrated in Figure 1.
When analyzing the forces acting on the inner surface of the ring mold, the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing ring and die holes is typically neglected, and the ring mold is considered as a thick-walled cylinder with uniform thickness.
Key findings from the study include:
1. The size of the compression zone depends only on the friction coefficients and the diameter ratio of the ring die.
2. The taper angle of the granulation hole must be less than 2 arctan(1/f), otherwise the particles cannot be extruded properly.
3. Different aspect ratios of the ring mold are required when pressing particles of the same size but different densities.
4. The pressure within the granulation pores follows an exponential distribution, while the pressure along the cone angle follows a power function.
Sanmenxia Futong New Energy specializes in manufacturing and selling equipment such as pellet machines, wood pellet machines, feed pellet machines, and straw briquetting machines. This research contributes valuable insights to the field of biomass energy and supports the sustainable development of renewable energy technologies.
For more information, visit: Wood chip granule ring die force analysis http://news.chinawj.com.cn.
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