According to foreign media reports, using solar panels to obtain energy from the sun is only half of the story-this energy needs to be stored somewhere for later use. In the case of a flow battery, storage is boiled down to a large barrel of liquid. Now, an international team led by scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has created a new type of solar flow battery that is highly efficient and durable.
To manufacture this new device, the team combined several existing technologies. This is a silicon/peroxide series solar cell paired with a redox flow battery, and the team says it will enable people to collect and store renewable energy in one device. It is not only efficient, but also cheap and simple, and can be extended to home use.
The energy harvesting part of the equation combines a long-term industry-leading material-silicon with a promising young emerging material-peroxide. Facts have proved that these solar cells connected in series are better than using any one of the materials alone, because these two materials can capture different wavelengths of light.
For storage, the team turned to flow batteries. Traditionally, these devices contain two liquids, each in separate tanks, as an electrolyte. The electricity from the solar cell charges one of the liquids so that it can be placed there more or less indefinitely. When electricity is needed, the two liquids interact in the middle container, creating a chemical reaction, which produces electricity.
The team used theoretical modeling methods to determine which chemicals will work at the ideal voltage to maximize efficiency. They identified two organic compounds dissolved in seawater and tested them with the final physical device, confirming that this is a good match.
The team recorded an efficiency of 20%, which is consistent with the best efficiency. The device is able to maintain high efficiency and most capacity for hundreds of hours and charge and discharge cycles. This makes its life much longer than other flow batteries, because the latter's acidic electrolyte tends to corrode the storage tank.
"This is a 20% efficiency, which can be done at any time," said Song Jin, the researcher's lead researcher. "You can use solar power immediately during the day and get 20% efficiency, or you can use it from storage at night and get 20% efficiency."
The team plans to continue to develop solar flow batteries to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and study how to promote it to actual large-scale use.
The research was published in the journal Nature-Materials.
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