Preparation of nanostructured black silicon-based solar cells by ALD

Nanotechnology has the potential to significantly boost the efficiency of photovoltaic systems. A notable example is the "black battery" developed by researchers at Aalto University in Finland, which combines atomic layer deposition (ALD) with nanotechnology. This innovation involves creating nanostructures through plasma etching, a process that minimizes light reflection and enhances light absorption. Additionally, ALD allows for the creation of an effective passivation layer, reducing surface recombination and improving overall performance. Hele Savin, an assistant professor at Aalto University’s Department of Micro and Nano Sciences, explained that nanostructured black cells are highly effective in minimizing reflection across the entire spectrum of light. “The surface treated using ALD shows excellent passivation properties,” she noted. “The surface recombination rate of the black battery is comparable to that of flat or pyramid-structured surfaces.” By addressing both reflectance and passivation simultaneously, black silicon and ALD-treated surfaces perform similarly in both polycrystalline and single-crystal silicon applications. While Savin acknowledges that the technology is still in its early stages for widespread use in silicon-based batteries, she remains optimistic about its potential to greatly enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency and enable large-scale commercial applications. Her team is also exploring other promising projects, such as developing high-efficiency solar cells from low-purity silicon materials—once considered impractical. “We’ve discovered ways to recycle waste silicon to make solar cells,” she said. “The key challenge now is ensuring industrial control over the purity of these materials and achieving flexibility in production.” If successful, this could lead to a substantial reduction in the cost of solar panels. When asked about the timeline for commercialization, Savin expressed optimism. “We have already built a lab prototype,” she said. “The next step is figuring out how to scale up manufacturing and test the modules outdoors.” She added, “In theory, there’s no major obstacle to commercialization, but the cost of producing nanostructures will be a critical factor.” Moreover, while traditional anti-reflective coatings are often used to reduce reflection, they can offset the benefits of nanostructures in terms of cost-effectiveness. One remaining challenge is the use of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a gas commonly used in the fabrication of nanostructures. However, SF6 is a potent greenhouse gas and is restricted from direct atmospheric release. The team is actively researching alternative methods to avoid environmental harm while maintaining the effectiveness of the process.

ISW End Suction Pump

Naipu ISW end suction pumps designed in accordance with ISO2858 standard,are single-stage single-suction horizontal centrifugal pumps featured by integrated simple construction for less space, easy installation, smooth operation with less noise and free of daily maintenance due to the introduction of high quality mechanical seals and closed coupling.

Typical Applications---
Water supply system
Lowering underground water level
Boosting
Gardening and aricultural irrigation

Various kinds of industrial application

ISW End Suction Pump Configuration Drawing

Main Part Number At The Drawing

1 Motor 2 Shaft 3 Deflector 4 Mechanical Sea

5 Pressure Monitoring Hole 6 Pump Casing 7 Pressure Release Plug 8 Impeller

ISW END SUCTION PUMP SELECTION CHART

NP- ISW END SUCTION PUMP PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

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Shijiazhuang Naipu Pump Co., Ltd. , https://www.naipu-pump.com