After the heading of wheat, the number of panicles per acre has basically become a foregone conclusion, but the number of kernels and grain weight have a large change, because about 2/3 of the starch accumulated in the grain comes from photosynthetic products after flowering, so this stage It is the key period for determining the weight of the grain. The management direction is to preserve roots, preserve leaves, extend the duration of high photosynthetic value of leaves, delay aging and increase grain weight.
The main influences of external conditions on wheat grain weight are as follows:
First, the temperature, the suitable temperature for wheat grouting is 20-22 ° C, the grouting speed is slower than 25 ° C, and the late dry hot wind has a great influence on the grain weight;
Second, light, sufficient light is conducive to photosynthesis, conducive to grouting, insufficient light, rain and rain, photosynthesis decline, less organic matter production, is not conducive to grouting;
The third is water, the soil moisture status is closely related to the grain weight, especially the water below the plough layer. The water content of 20-50 cm soil layer is favorable for grouting in 16-18%, and the surface weight of 0-20 cm is less affected by grain weight. ;
The fourth is nutrients, and some nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are still needed in the late growth stage of wheat. Nitrogen deficiency is prone to premature aging, insufficient grouting, excessive nitrogen is easy to be late and ripe, phosphorus is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, and promotes the transport of carbohydrates to grains. Potassium can promote the absorption and transformation of nitrogen by wheat. Photosynthesis intensity;
Fifth, it is ripe for rain, and forced ripening rain causes abnormal premature maturity of wheat;
Sixth is lodging, the winds are lodging, causing the plants to overlap, the stems and leaves are mildewed, and the grain weight is decreased;
Seventh, pests and diseases also have an important impact on grain weight.
Pouring water
The water consumption from the flowering to the maturity of wheat accounts for 1/4 of the total water consumption during the whole growth period, and it needs to be supplied by watering. Drought not only affects grain weight, heading, but also the number of grains per ear. Therefore, on the basis of pouring water, the water should be poured from the flowering to the filling stage according to the lyrical condition of the wheat field to meet the needs of wheat growth. However, the water should be stopped 10 days before the wheat matures.
Prevent late lodging
The fundamental way to prevent lodging is to properly reduce the basic seedlings and apply nitrogen fertilizer back-shifting techniques. The lodging is also related to the improper watering in the later stage. The middle and upper fertility wheat fields with soft soil when watering are prone to lodging. Therefore, in the later watering, special attention should be paid to the weather forecast, and the principle of no wind and water pouring and strong wind stoppage should be mastered.
Integrated pest control
A variety of pests and diseases in the middle and late stages of wheat, especially powdery mildew, rust, aphids, and midges, have a great impact on wheat yield and quality. Therefore, it is recommended to use Jingbo Zhenyou Mai Program 2 + Shengong for prevention and control, and at the same time, it is necessary to strengthen forecasting and forecasting, and prepare medicines and instruments.
Foliar spray fertilizer increases 1000-grain weight
In the grain filling stage of wheat, 100-150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed on the surface of each acre of disease prevention and control. For wheat fields with lighter leaf color, about 3% urea solution should be sprayed on the leaves to improve grain quality. Not only prevent disease, but also increase grain weight. In addition, molybdenum, boron, manganese and other trace element fertilizers also have different degrees of grain-enhancing effect.
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