Commonly Used Rail Bearing Equipment
Early rolling mill bearings were quite different from modern ones. At that time, two sets of spherical roller bearings were often used side by side on the same roll neck. This configuration was sufficient for the production conditions of the era, allowing rolling speeds up to 600 rpm. However, as technology advanced, the limitations of this design became more apparent. Issues such as short bearing life, high costs, low product precision, severe wear on the roll neck, and excessive axial movement of the roll became increasingly problematic.
This type of bearing is commonly found in rail mills. In contrast, four-row cylindrical roller bearings combined with thrust bearings offer better performance. The tight fit between the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing and the roll neck allows it to handle radial forces effectively. These bearings have a high load capacity, high speed limit, and good precision. They can be disassembled easily, and the inner and outer rings can be replaced separately, making maintenance simple and cost-effective. The thrust bearing handles the axial force, and the layout can be customized based on the specific needs of the rolling mill.
For heavy-duty applications at low speeds, thrust roller bearings are typically used. These bearings have minimal axial clearance, which helps them withstand thrust loads. When rolling speeds are higher, angular contact ball bearings are preferred. They not only support high-speed operation but also allow precise control of the gap, ensuring tight axial guidance for the roll. These bearings can also handle typical axial loads efficiently.
This type of bearing system offers long service life, high reliability, and improved precision, making it easier to handle the rolled products. As a result, it is currently the most widely used in various rolling mills, including wire rod mills, sheet mills, foil mills, and both cold and hot rolling mills for support rolls and work rolls.
Four-row tapered roller bearings are another popular option. These bearings can handle both radial and axial forces, eliminating the need for separate thrust bearings and resulting in a more compact main unit. The inner diameter of the tapered roller bearing is loosely matched with the roll neck, making it easy to assemble and disassemble. However, loose fitting may lead to sliding creep, so the inner diameter is often grooved with spiral oil channels to prevent this issue.
Despite the emergence of newer technologies, this type of equipment is still widely used in various applications, such as four-high hot and cold rolling mills, blanking machines, steel beam rolling mills, and other industrial settings.
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