US scientists find cheaper and more efficient solar panel materials

Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University spent five years co-developing a new type of ceramic material and designed a unique solar electromagnetic panel that is cheaper and more efficient than the panels currently used in the market. Higher, shorter manufacturing time, not only the use of ultraviolet light, but also the use of visible light and infrared light.

Compared with the commonly used photovoltaic materials, this ceramic material has three advantages. One is thinner than silicon-based materials. It is a material that functions as both materials. The second is cheaper than today's high-end thin-film solar cell materials. The third is that this material is a ferroelectric substance. The variable polarity can surpass the theoretical limit of the energy efficiency of solar electromagnetic materials.

Part of the reason solar cells are inefficient is that particles collecting solar rays enter solar cells and diverge in all directions. In order for them to flow in one direction, they must pass through many layers of material. Every time the particles pass through, the energy efficiency of solar cells is reduced once. The team's design minimizes hierarchy. It also reduces losses. They used potassium niobate and niobium nickel niobate to synthesize perovskite crystals. This crystal is six times more light-absorbing and 50 times more dense than the solar semiconductor compound semiconductor used today. Moreover, the efficiency of the material can be improved by adjusting the composition of the material. The material is cheap, non-toxic and rich in earth reserves.

At present, the research team has completed early experiments on the advanced photon source at the US Department of Energy Argonne National Laboratory. If this kind of design can be expanded from the size of the sticky note to a full-size solar cell, it is a big step toward the marketization of solar cells.

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