Currently, the Russian decorative stone industry includes 240-250 mining and processing companies, most of which are small-scale companies. In 2002, the amount of raw materials was 450,000 tons, and the total processing capacity was 3.25 million square meters (the thickness of the sheet was 2 cm). 31% of them are granite and similar hard stone, 64% are marble and hard limestone, and 5% are soft limestone, sandstone, sheet and quartzite. Russia's most important stone mining and processing base is Urals (including 68% of blocks and 27% of processed products). The country's largest marble mine is also in the Koyelga mine of Urals: ZAO Koyelgamramor, with an annual production capacity of 120,000 tons. The second largest mine is the Mramorskoye mine under the ZAOUralskii Mramor, with an annual output of 53,000 tons. The third largest mine is the Kibik-Kordon mine under the OAO MKK-Sayanmramor in the heart of southern Siberia, with an annual production of 27,000 tons.
Most of the granite mines are located in Kareliya and Leningrad in the northwestern part of Russia. The Vozrozhdenie mine, operated by Vozrozhdenie Holding, is the largest granite mine in the region with an annual production of 26,500 to 32,000 tons. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, there has been no authority to count the amount of mining and processing of decorative stone. However, the author and his colleagues obtained highly credible information after field visits. The reliability of the following materials is not less than 85%-90%.
As an unwritten rule, the processing company specializes in the processing of stone sawing and grinding processes is nothing more than processing marble or hard stone. ZAO Koyelgamramor has the largest marble processing plant. It is located near the Koyelga mine and has an annual output of 40,000 square meters. The products include plates, sheets and construction supplies. Another large marble processing plant is operated by OAO MKK-Sayanmramor, which is located near the Kibik-Kordon mine in Siberia and whose main products are marble sheets.
One of the most prominent among the many granite processing attempts is the Moscow Stoneworking Combine (MKK), which has four factories.
Modern equipment Many Russian stone mines and processing plants have introduced advanced modern equipment from Italy and other countries. Among them, durable diamond wire saws and chain saws are the most popular in mining tools, and now the machinery and equipment produced in Russia are sometimes Used as an auxiliary device with the main machine. The most advanced mining process today is to make a row of small holes in the wire saw and then in the small hole to be blasted by a Russian scientist called the Granilen small bomb. This is called "dynamic separation technology" or "Finland." Mining law". Modern and latest slow bombs have also been used in the mining of some mines. Using so-called "gas wedge" technology, small bombs are slowly operated in blastholes, usually for a few seconds to ensure minimal damage. The method of injecting gas is now rarely used in Russia. Diamond wire saws were used in the granite mines of Vozrozhdenie (only one machine) and one or two gabbro mines in the Republic of Karelia. Due to the high price and short life of diamond wire saws, this method is not very popular in Russia.
All the decorative stone mines in Russia have closed down, and only the OAO Leningradslanets mine in Leningrad survived. The limestone mined here is only sold as a by-product of flammable shale. The underground mine of Kibik-Kordon in Siberia is currently being surveyed.
Most Russian stone processing plants are equipped with imported machinery and production lines. According to the author's investigation, they first had about 30 granite sawing machines, 20 large semi-circular saws, 10 multi-axis diamond rope machines, 25 calibration and grinding lines and a secondary saw.
A retrospective analysis of the Russian stone market readers may be surprised that there are now 500 commercial and consulting stone companies in Russia, and most of them are located in the metropolis. In Moscow, leading companies include OAO Mramorgranit, ZAO Metrospetstroy-Soyuz, Salon Gran-pri-MKK, OOO Granitglavstroy, OOO Tsentr-Mramor-Granit, consulting company, Granul, Benefit, Novy Kamen, Stark-Kamen, AO Nast, MKK Trading House, OOO Alpary STK and ZAO Godopek.
Among the companies in other big cities in Russia, the leading companies are the following: OOO Prirodny Kamen (Kazan), ZAO Etalon (Yekaterinburg), SK Diamant (Samara), OOO Granul-Novosibirsk (Novosibirsk), OOO Soliton (Tyumen) and Seit Ltd (Volgograd).
The total value of the Russian decorative stone market includes imports ranging from $40 million to $50 million. Product type statistics are as follows:
- slabs, semi-finished goods: 23,9% plates, semi-finished products: 23.9%-tiles, small pieces: 36,6% sheets, small pieces: 36.6%-architecture parts: 10,8% construction materials: 10.8%- road- Building products: 6,8% road products: 6.8%-memorials: 21,9% Monument: 21.9% Most of Russia's most popular stone products are standard templates and other thin sheets. The most common specifications are 300x300 mm, 305x305 mm, 400x400 mm, 300x600 mm and 400x600 mm with a thickness of 20 mm or 15 mm. 10 mm sheets are also produced, but for some reason they are not popular. Large plates and gauges accounted for 23.9% of total consumption, and this figure is still increasing.
There are two types of buyers in the Russian stone market today: businessmen and direct consumers. Among them, the businessman is:
Large national organizations - "monopoly" (OAO RZD, RAO Gasprom, RAO EES, etc.) and their regional leaders in construction and financial rights; - Republic, regional and urban administrative agencies; - large and medium-sized commercial companies, Banks, shops and restaurants; - agents of regional construction companies; - architectural design and construction teams that require engineering stone; - factories and monument manufacturers engaged in the production of stone products that need to buy blocks from mines; In big cities, they make a lot of buying and selling and are sensitive to price changes. They work with well-known stone suppliers and draw commissions from them.
There are three types of direct stone consumers:
- Private buyers who purchase stone products for their apartments, houses and renovation projects; - own private buyers of small companies, purchase stone products for small-scale continuation or repair; individual buildings and designers directly consume groups The market is developing. There is a 55-60 / 40-45% market between businessmen and direct consumers.
- Imports of Russian decorative stone in 2002 totaled 92,000 tons. The statistics are as follows:
Block: 40,000 tons (33% marble, 67% granite) sheet and sheet: 44,000 tons (850,000 square meters, thickness 20 mm) Ukrainian granite blocks and granite semi-finished products are among the best In 2002, it was still the only country in Russia that exported stone for monuments. Of course, granite blocks are also imported from Finland and Kazakhstan. In Italy, Greece, Turkey and Spain, the supply of marble blocks, plates and semi-finished products is the largest in the world.
Italy, Spain and India are major suppliers of granite slabs. China is the main supplier of large-scale metal-clad panels and thin formwork, and also supplies Russia with a large number of road construction materials curbstones and square stones.
The amount of stone exported to Russia is small, accounting for 1.7% to 2.0% of the total production. Its buyers are mainly Atlantic extended shore countries and Baltic countries. A small portion of the mined granite blocks (mainly from the Vozrozhdenie mine) is exported to Belarus, and some granite plates and sheets are exported to Lithuania, Latvia and Kazakhstan. A small portion of the white marble blocks mined from Koyelga and Polotsk were shipped to companies in Italy and Spain.
Looking forward to the future According to estimates by the Russian Official Statistical Committee, Russia’s GDP in recent years has increased by an average of 3 percentage points per year. Foreign investment totals are high and low, but overall they are on the rise. Russia, St. Petersburg and other major cities have ushered in the peak of construction in recent years, which has increased the annual consumption of stone by 4 to 5 percentage points. At present, the consumption market of Russian decorative stone is more promising than many European countries.
The direct consumer's share of the stone market has reached 40-45%, and due to socio-economic factors will continue to increase, these factors include the increase in purchasing power and the true sense of the middle class. The Russian stone market will expand with the increase in investment in domestic and foreign trade.
At the same time, the domestic construction industry has developed with the establishment of new banks and office buildings. Only Moscow has planned many new construction projects, including Moscow city decorations, ice palaces, about 60 skyscrapers, reconstruction of the Dynamo football stadium in Kiev, underground trade zones and monorails. The total amount of stone to be consumed by these buildings is expected to exceed 1.5 million square meters. The total amount of stone consumption in other major Russian cities is also expected to reach the same amount.
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