[Fire Extinguishing] Guide to Extinguishing Tank Fire

Disposal difficulties

1. Explosions and boiling splashes pose a great safety threat to personnel. In tank fires, light oil tanks are prone to explosion, and heavy oil tanks are prone to boiling and splashing, which threatens the safety of firefighters.

2. It is difficult to extinguish fire due to explosion damage to the tank. The explosion can easily cause damage to the top part of the fixed top oil tank, and the floating top tank float tilts, making it more difficult to extinguish the fire.

3, rogue fire threat to the tank area. Tank fires tend to form a large area of ​​turbulent fire, threatening the adjacent tanks, tanks, and even the entire tank area.

4, mobile equipment demand is large. Tank fires can easily lead to damage to fixed and semi-fixed fire-fighting facilities, and the demand for mobile equipment is large.

5. The extinguishing agent has serious losses and it is difficult to continue supplying. Fire extinguishing agent is difficult to effectively spray, and some extinguishing agents are easily decomposed at high temperatures, and the fire extinguishing performance is reduced, which makes the tank fire disposal time long, the amount of fire extinguishing agent such as water and foam is large, and the continuous supply of fire extinguishing agent is difficult.

Power mobilization

1. According to the scale of the tank fire and the local fire fighting power, we must formulate combat forces.

2. The following vehicles shall be mobilized preferentially for fire suppression of tanks: large-flow foam fire engines, high-spray trucks, heavy-duty tank trucks, remote water supply systems, and combat support vehicles such as foam supply, fuel supply, equipment and equipment, and life support.

3, tank fire fighting should strengthen the first batch of forces to deploy. When deploying, the tank type, tank type, tank volume, and tank volume should be considered. When there is a flow fire, the volume of the fire-breaking tank should be taken into consideration, and the capacity of other tanks of the same fire-proof bank should be taken into consideration. Units are mobilized.

4. When a large-scale tank fire occurs, it is necessary to mobilize warfare and support formations and sufficient reserve forces to collect and stand around the fire.

5. Tank fires must simultaneously mobilize large amounts of mobile self-propelled guns, remote control guns, and water guns to reduce the number of front-line workers.

6. When dealing with tank fires, it is necessary to fully consider the local fire fighting forces to mobilize the formation and timely request the reinforcement of the reinforcements.

7. According to the needs of the site, mobilize the company's full-time fire brigade and petrochemical experts, as well as public security, water supply, power supply, medical aid, environmental protection, safety supervision, municipal, meteorological and other emergency forces to meet the site.

Decision on the way

1. Reconnaissance on the way. After the vehicle moves out, contact the command center, contact with the alarm person, and contact with the accident unit to know the following conditions:

( 1 ) Disaster address and disposal tasks;

( 2 ) Whether there is personnel trapped or casualties at the scene;

( 3 ) The number and type of canisters and adjacent cans;

( 4 ) Oil types and oil reserves;

( 5 ) Fixed fire-fighting facility activation;

( 6 ) Pre-disposal of the accident unit;

( 7 ) Mobilization of reinforcements and mobilization of social emergency response units.

2, through the auxiliary decision-making system and other inquiries, query the following ancillary data:

( 1 ) Plan for the accident unit;

( 2 ) Physical and chemical information and disposal methods of accident oil products;

( 3 ) The basic situation of the accident unit;

( 4 ) The location of the accident and the surrounding water sources.

According to the above-mentioned situation, the accidental unit is commanded and the force that has arrived at the scene is used for the early disposal.

3、According to the situation on the spot, preliminary plans for preliminary operations and mobilize reinforcements.

4. In the middle of the move, communication with the operational command center and each outgoing power volume should be kept unblocked, information on the situation should be exchanged in a timely manner, and the observed fire and road conditions should be reported.

Firefield Alert

1. It is forbidden for irrelevant personnel and vehicles to enter the warning area and implement traffic control within the warning area to maintain the order of the fire field and ensure the smooth execution of fire fighting.

2. The scope of the firefield warning is generally divided into the direct hazard range and the indirect hazard range.

3, the fire field alert force consists of firefighters, police officers, armed police and security personnel of the accident unit. When the hazards of a disaster are serious, the scope of warning should be expanded. In addition to mobilizing public security and armed police to implement on-site control and warning, it is also necessary to report to the government on the basis of actual needs to call the local garrison to assist in the implementation of the warning.

Vehicle parked

1. The fire truck should be parked in the position where the upper wind, side air or cross wind is in a high position as far as possible, and maintain a sufficient safety distance from the tank. The front of the fire truck is toward the direction of evacuation.

2. Water supply fire trucks should be parked as far as possible outside the tank area to reduce the number of fire trucks in the accident tank area so as to facilitate subsequent force entry and adjustment.

3. Vehicles should not be parked above underground spaces such as trenches, water wells and cover plates, and under overhead lines.

4. Set up a reinforcement area for vehicle assembly at the scene and designate someone to dispatch according to the requirements of the headquarters.

Disaster assessment

1. Disaster assessment should be conducted through the entire process of firefighting and fighting, observing risk factors and paying attention to changes in the disaster situation. The focus of reconnaissance is as follows:

( 1 ) The tank structure of the combustion tank and the adjacent tank;

( 2 ) Types, reserves, surface height and area of ​​oil products in combustion tanks, and conditions of heavy oil products in water cushions;

( 3 ) Proximity tanks affected by fire or heat radiation;

( 4 ) The combustion opening of the tank after explosion;

( 5 ) Distribution and opening and closing of oil pipelines;

( 6 ) The degree of completeness and start-up of fire protection facilities;

( 7 ) The integrity of the protective dike and drainage facilities.

2, assessment points. After understanding the situation on the site, quickly determine the main aspects of the fire, determine the overall plan for firefighting and rescue, and predict the possible risks of on-site actions, including the following aspects:

( 1 ) The extent of the spread of fire and the consequences;

( 2 ) The range and risk of boiling spills may occur in heavy oils;

( 3 ) The possibility of an explosion and the scope and consequences of the explosion;

( 4 ) Other possible causes of the disaster and its consequences;

( 5 ) Based on the burning area and the start-up of the facility, determine whether the existing disposal power is sufficient, whether it is necessary to deploy reinforcements, and what kind of reinforcements will be deployed;

( 6 ) Estimate the amount of foam and water needed at the site and ensure the need for on-site liquid supply;

( 7 ) Determine the position of the battlefield and the vehicle assembly.

Organization and command

1. The first batch of presence forces were served by the commander of the squadron of the area as the general commander of the field, responsible for the organization and implementation of the first battle and the task assignment of the reinforcement squadron.

2. Before the superior commander arrives, the commander of the reinforcement squadron shall take the initiative to contact the squadron within the area to report the position of the squadron and understand the situation on the spot. Upon arrival, the squadron of the squadron shall receive the unified command of the squadron.

3. The full-duty headquarters shall comprehensively understand the situation on the way out of the field, and dispatch reinforcements according to the power requirements and actual conditions of the scene; after the arrival, the on-site command headquarters shall be established quickly to determine the command of the general commander, the combat zones (sections), and the command of the reinforcements. Rear command center four command levels.

4. The on-site command division shall divide the battle area (segment) according to the scale of the disaster and the actual situation on the site, determine the commanders of each combat zone (segment), and be responsible for the organization and implementation of combat missions in the combat zone (segment).

5. The command of reinforcements shall be responsible for the coordination of fire fighting vehicle dispatching, on-site water supply guarantee and other social emergency joint forces.

6, after the tank fire, to coordinate the traffic police, special police, patrols, network security and other multi-police operations in joint operations to ensure the smooth flow of traffic, fire alert and orderly, public opinion monitoring effective.

7. Oil tank fires should focus on mobilizing linkage units such as public security, water supply, power supply, gas supply, medical treatment, environmental protection, meteorology, safety supervision, and engineering rescue operations. They shall work in accordance with the order of the on-site general headquarters and their respective duties to assist fire fighting and rescue operations.

8. After a tank fire occurs, experts from relevant aspects of petrochemical accidents should be mobilized to provide professional rescue programs to assist in command decisions.

Facility application

In the fire fighting operation, the following fixed and semi-fixed firefighting facilities should be used first:

1, fixed water shower facilities. Start a fixed water shower facility to cool accident storage tanks and adjacent tanks.

2, fixed foam fire extinguishing system. Start the fixed foam fire extinguishing system, and cover the entire surface of the tank top and the fire of the floating roof tank seal.

3, semi-fixed foam fire extinguishing system. Start semi-fixed foam fire extinguishing facilities outside the fire dyke, and use fire fighting vehicles to directly use foam fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire.

4, fixed water (foam) gun. Start a fixed water (foam) cannon set on the top of the tank or on the fire bank to cool the fire.

5, hydrant water supply system. Start the fire pump system in the tank area and select the nearest fire hydrant to connect the water gun or use it for fire trucks.

6, dry powder (cold aerosol) fire extinguishing system. Small tanks are usually equipped with a dry powder (cold aerosol) fire extinguishing system that can be activated to dispose of initial tank fires.

7, Fire Dyke (height is 1 ~ 2.2m). If necessary, turn off the rainwater drainage system to form a water seal and protect the pipeline valves. When the liquid level is high, start the oil-repellent drainage measures to control the drainage and liquid level to prevent the oil from flowing out.

When the above facilities are applied, the fixed facilities shall be operated by the accident unit in accordance with the requirements of the fire commander at the scene.

Cooling explosion

1. When cooling the tank, first extinguish ground-flowing bonfires to eliminate the threat of turbulence to the tank.

2. The technical personnel of the cooperative enterprise unit will take measures such as closing the valve and cutting off the material to interrupt the continuous supply of fuel.

3. Turn on the water spray device to cool the combustion tank and the adjacent tank.

4, according to the tank structure, take cooling tactics. Water guns, moving guns, and on-board guns are used to perform full cooling on the fixed top and floating top fire tanks. The cooling water must be shot on the top of the tank wall. The cooling should be uniform and leave no blank spots. The adjacent tanks are mainly used to implement half-side cooling on the front side. Under conditions of sufficient foam liquid, foam can be used for wall cooling. For the floating roof tank seal fire, the key parts of the cooling should be at the floating plate and liquid level 2m .

5. For fixed-top oil tanks threatened by the threat of fire nearby, inert gas protection measures such as filling with nitrogen may be taken in advance, and a foam fire extinguishing device may be activated as required to cover the foam in advance so as to prevent evaporation of the oil and cause explosion.

6. For full-surface tank fires, due to the presence of a large amount of fuel oil in fire banks, when cooling the fire tanks, pay attention to adjusting the flow rate of the fixed cooling shower facilities to prevent large amounts of cooling water from infusing fire-fighting embankments to cause oil spills and fires. expand.

7, when the external cooling is difficult to implement, according to the situation to take the oil circulation method, the cup oil heat exchange with the tank near the cold oil replacement cooling.

Fire supply

1. After the first arriving vehicles arrive at the scene of the accident, they can directly use the fire hydrant outside the protective embankment to supply water.

2. The remote water supply vehicle takes water from a long distance according to the operational command to provide uninterrupted water supply for the front combat vehicle.

3. Where there is a natural water source or a large-scale water storage facility nearby, the water can be supplied by using a fire-fighting boat, a tugboat, a hand-held motor pump, or a floating boat pump.

4. When the water supply capacity is insufficient, the fire water source of the neighboring company, the sprinkler trucks of the sanitation department and other water-carrying vehicles may be called to provide water to the accident site, or tactical measures to recycle the fire-fighting water in the recovery pool and heavy oil fire fire prevention embankment .

5. Inform the municipal water supply department to increase the water supply flow and pressure of the water supply network in the accident area.

6, mobilize foam supply module to ensure the supply of on-site foam fire extinguishing agent, while coordinating the mobilization of adjacent foam manufacturers and firepower reserve foam to ensure the continuous supply of foam fire extinguishing agent.

Fire extinguishing

1, according to the actual needs of fire fighting and cooling, the implementation of combat personnel and equipment and equipment, clear combat missions.

2. Fire extinguishing agents such as water, foam liquid and dry powder required for fire extinguishing should be available before the total attack to ensure continuous supply of fire extinguishing agents during the total fire extinguishing.

3. After the warehousing process and storm conditions have been prepared, report to the on-site general commander in a unified manner, and the general commander at the scene shall issue a command for the general attack.

4. After the on-site command has issued a command to the general attack, various cooling and fire extinguishing equipments act at the same time. The frontier commander pays attention to observe the foam injection status of each position and adjusts the angle at an appropriate time to ensure the foam coverage effect. Pay attention to the situation of weak parts and increase the power in time.

5. For large tank fires with large combustion fluid levels, in the case of sufficient foam liquid, the foam covering mode should be changed, and the flow-through passive foam covering mode should be adjusted to the active foam covering mode of multi-point injection to accelerate the foam. Cover speed.

6. For light oil tank fire (without naphtha) with subsidence combustion or semi-closed combustion, the oil level can be increased by water injection so that the liquid level is higher than the collapsed portion and then covered with foam.

7. When there are conditions, the adjacent cans around the cupping can be transferred to prevent the fire of the fire tank from being able to spread to the adjacent tank.

Safety management

1. The fire safety of combat personnel at all levels shall be concretely organized and implemented by the commanders at the same level according to the requirements of the superior commanders and the changes in the scene. In the event of an emergency that may threaten the safety of personnel, orders may be issued directly by the commander of this level to ensure the safety of personnel.

2. Set up a fire safety officer to observe the development of the fire. When the oil surface appears peristaltic, soaring phenomenon occurs, the appearance of oil bubbles 2 to 4 times, the flame increased brighter, white smoke from the concentration faded, the tank wall or its upper part of the vibration, resulting in severe snoring and other boiling over When the signs are sputtered, they report to the fire commanders in a timely manner. In a very critical situation, the evacuation signals can be sent directly to the fire commander.

3. Prior to the operation, an emergency evacuation signal and route should be determined to clearly identify the force gathering points. If the commander of the general command of the fire station issues an order for the full withdrawal of personnel, in case of an emergency, the on-site commander may make an order for the withdrawal of the assigned warfighter on the spot. Upon receipt of the emergency retreat order, immediately withdraw.

4. Combat personnel in front should wear fireproof and heat insulation clothing to prevent burns or high temperature coma due to high temperature and heat radiation. For a long time in the tank area, wear a filter-type gas mask instead of an air respirator to reduce the front load of combat personnel.

5. Extinguish tank fires should use mobile water guns as far as possible to reduce front-line combat personnel.

6. Combatants must not enter the area of ​​the bonfire fire covered by the foam in order to prevent rekindling damage to personnel. The position of the water gun can not be set in the upper part of the earth-covered oil tank to prevent the explosion of vaporized gas and cause personal injury.

7. Conduct combat operations in fire embankments to pay attention to the safety of personnel operations. Set up the facilities in four directions so that boilover or rapid evacuation can occur before splashing occurs.

Precautions

1. When a heavy oil tank fire occurs, when cooling the tank, it is necessary to prevent the cooling water from entering the tank and causing boiling and splashing.

2. When the cooling and extinguishing time is too long, it is necessary to prevent the liquid level in the fire prevention levees to be too high and spill over the fire levees.

3. When using the remote water supply system to implement water supply, operators should pay attention to their own protection.

4. If it is found that the fire forces in this area are difficult to control and eliminate, a cross-region reinforcement shall be requested in a timely manner so that the surrounding reinforcements can make full preparations.

5. Special attention should be paid to the drainage of closed oil products after the ground-flow bonfire is extinguished, and to prevent oil products from flowing into urban drainage systems or nearby waters (sea areas), causing large-scale water pollution.

6. After the fire is extinguished, continue to increase the thickness of the foam cover and cool the tank until the temperature of the oil drops to room temperature.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.