The additives commonly used in pre-dyeing treatment are mainly penetrants, detergents, scouring agents, oxygen bleaching stabilizers and dispersing agents. Most of these additives are composed of surfactants and organic compounds, inorganic salts and solvents. Among them, anionic surfactants are mostly used: sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. Sodium sulfate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate, sodium 2-alkenyl sulfonate, butyl cesulfonic acid, sodium alkyl sulphate, sodium sulphate, sulphated castor oil, alkyl sulphate, alkane Phosphate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphorus (sulfuric acid) vinegar salt, and the like. Nonionic surfactants commonly used are: fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol decylamine, sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether, nonylphenol ethoxylate, octyl phenol ethoxylate, oxirane polymerization Oxypropane copolymer, etc. Cationic surfactants are generally not used, and amphoteric surfactants are used less.
Some of the above surfactants meet environmental requirements, and some do not meet environmental requirements. For example, in the manufacture of scouring agents or detergents, nonylphenol ethoxylate (TX-10) or octyl phenol polyoxygen is often added. Vinyl ether (Tritonx-100), both of which are nonionic surfactants, and have low toxicity (LD=10(4e)-5×10(4e4)mg/kg), but have poor biodegradability (degradation rate) 0 to 9%), once biodegraded, the toxicity of one or two oxyethylene metabolites is greater than that of undegraded nonylphenol ethoxylate, and the toxicity is the greatest when it is finally reduced to alkylphenol (fish toxicity LC50 is 3mg/ Kg). In 1988, Denmark and Switzerland were banned by law, and Germany has long declared a ban on sales. Alkyl phenols are listed as one of the 70 environmentally-friendly hormones (also known as endocrine disrupting chemicals) that are restricted for use on the international market. For example, the imported scouring agent LeophenU.M (BASF) and Kieralan series scouring agent and domestic scouring agent PD-820 all contain nonylphenol ethoxylate. Therefore, when developing environmentally friendly additives, the sulfhydryl group should be used as little as possible. Phenolic polyoxyethylene ether. However, it is very regrettable that large-scale chemical plants in China are still in production, and some products containing nonylphenol in imported printing and dyeing auxiliaries are still used in printing and dyeing factories. Among the anionic surfactants, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (ABS), which is widely used and widely used, is one of the main raw materials for preparing auxiliaries, detergents and the like.
ABS produced from tetrapropylene has a more branched chain of alkyl groups, and this branched ABS is not easily biodegraded. Linear ABS without branching, good biodegradability (degradation rate 55%), but benzene is produced during degradation, harmful to fish and aquatic organisms (fish toxicity LC50 is 4mg/kg), will be classified as disabled . In some detergents, a certain amount of sodium tripolyphosphate (ST) is often added as a builder, and urea is added as a cosolvent. Both materials are non-toxic and phosphorus and nitrogen compounds are essential nutrients for biological growth on Earth. However, a large amount of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds flow into the rivers, which can make the river water eutrophication, causing the rapid growth and reproduction of algae and plankton, causing the dissolved oxygen in the water to fall, the water quality to deteriorate, and the death of fish and aquatic organisms. To this end, the amount of STPP and urea should be controlled as much as possible in the manufacturing auxiliaries to produce phosphorus-free products as much as possible. It is generally substituted with 4A zeolite, sodium metasilicate and methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA). Some oxygen bleaching stabilizers use phosphorus-containing raw materials and can affect the increase of load in the discharged sewage, which should be given enough attention. In the wool detergent, some detergents are added with a detergent LS. Although the scouring effect can be improved, the LS contains para-aminoether, which is carcinogenic and has been banned.
In recent years, some penetrants and scouring agents have added phosphate salts to improve the penetration effect. Some people think that the product has good biodegradability and is non-toxic. However, the pollution problem of phosphorus-containing products has aroused the concern of the society. A recent report shows that the European Commission (EC) requires the return of sportswear sold by Nike to Western Europe. The reason is that the product contains phosphoric acid vinegar, which can affect the endocrine of the human body. . It can be seen whether the phosphorus-containing products are environmentally friendly products and should be treated with caution. Some oxygen bleach stabilizers and chelating dispersants still use organic chelating agents such as ammonia triacetic acid (NTA), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), EDTA, etc. as the main raw materials, such as oxygen bleach stabilizer AR-750 ED-TA, magnesium chloride and other components, although these stabilizers have certain effects, but the biodegradability is very poor, foreign countries have long been banned.
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