First, mechanical precision seeding technology
Precision seeding refers to the use of machinery to sown a certain number of seeds into a predetermined part of the soil and properly suppress it. The machine that can meet the requirements of precision seeding technology has: 2BT-2 type soybean precision seeding machine, 2BTG-2 general sowing tillage machine, GTX-2 (3) type general tillage machine, etc. These models are suitable for spring drought comparison. Serious area. It is a seedling to catch the whole seedling, that is, drought-resistant and flood-proof is an ideal machine. The promotion, experimentation and demonstration of some townships (towns) in our flag have higher practical value. The following is a description of the precision seeding technique using the 2BT-2 soybean precision on-demand machine as an example:
1. The function of the machine: 2BT-2 type soybean precision on-demand machine can be used with small tractors. It can sow crops such as soybean, sorghum, millet, corn, beet and sunflower. It can be ridged, or it can be ridged after flat sowing, and it can also accompany the ridge. It can adapt to all cultivated land below 5 degrees slope. The machine can complete soy seeding deep soaking, deep fertilization, precision double seedling eye, on-demand on-demand, reclaimed soil, and suppression of sowing, and can also realize semi-precision sowing technology of corn, which can ideally complete agronomic technical requirements. .
2, the characteristics of the aircraft:
(1) It is used with 12-22 horsepower small wheeled tractors
(2) The design of the machine is reasonable and compact, driven by the tractor drive wheel, the chain drive, the rotation is reliable, and the rotation is not lost.
(3) Soybeans are single-row, equidistant, single-plant, double seedlings on-demand, and corn and sunflower are broadcast in a single line. The seeding positioning is accurate, the deep fertilization is uniform and reliable, and the defects such as uneven density, different shades, broken strips and missing broadcasts of conventional seeding are overcome.
(4) Fast working speed: Due to the good performance of the machine, the occurrence of faults is greatly reduced, and the amount of work per shift can reach 60 mu (by the hour).
(5) Low operating cost and cost saving: Since the planter is reliable in operation, no special monitoring is required after the adjustment is normal, as long as the driver can work alone. It can save manpower and save seeds, soybeans 1.0-1.5 kg per mu. Corn is 0.75-1.5 kg per mu. For example, soybean Hefeng-40 and corn sea jade-4 are taken as examples.
Soybean: The conventional planting method uses 6.5 kilograms of seed, and the seeding plant used for seeding is 5.5 kilograms, and 1 kilogram per acre.
Corn: 3-4 grains per hole in conventional sowing method, 2-3 seeds per hole in sowing machine, 1 tablet per hole, taking Haiyu-4 as an example, 3000 plants per mu × 1 capsule / plant × 100 capsules Weight (25 g / 100 grains) ÷ 100 = 0.75 kg, that is, saving 1 capsule per hole, saving 0.75 kg per acre.
3, the effect of use
(1) Anti-spring drought and preservation seedlings; Practices in the past few years have proved that the use of such machines for sowing, the effect of anti-spring drought is very obvious, especially in recent years, the spring drought is more serious, all users who use this planter Both have achieved significant results.
(2) Water storage and conservation to change soil nutrients: The deep bed and deep fertilization of the seed bed can make the seed bed 14 cm loose and 8-12 cm wide, which improves the permeability of the bottom layer of the soil and can fully utilize the function of the capillary to store water and protect the body. The seeds are placed in the soil structure of “under the virtual†and separated from the fertilizer to ensure that the seeds develop under good conditions.
4. Economic benefits
In recent years, the measurement of 2BT-2 soybean precision seeding machine has obvious benefits compared with animal power seeding:
Unit: kg, person, hour/mu
Seeding method
Sowing amount
Yield
Employment
Working time
2BT-2
5.5
127.5
0.05
0.2
Animal power
6.5
105.5
0.2
0.4
It can be seen from the above table that using the 2BT-2 type planter (for example, soybeans) can really save resources, save labor, produce high yields and save money. Use this table to calculate the cost per acre
Seed: 1 kg × 2.80 yuan = 2.80 yuan
Labor: (0.2-0.05) × 20 yuan = 3.00 yuan
Time (turning) (0.4-0.2) × 20 yuan = 4.00 yuan
Increase production (127.5-105.5) × 1.60 yuan = 32.00 yuan
Only the above four items can increase the benefit by 40.00 yuan per mu.
If the planting fee per acre is calculated at 4.00 yuan, then a sowing date gross income of 4.00 yuan × 650 acres = 2600.00 yuan.
Second, chemical fertilizer deep application mechanization technology
Fertilizer deep application mechanization technology refers to the technology that uses machinery to deeply apply fertilizer to the soil according to the quantity and location of agronomic requirements. The deep application of chemical fertilizers is of great significance. Its scientific and rational application can increase crop yield, reduce agricultural production costs, increase farmers' economic income, increase agricultural output rate, reduce environmental pollution, and protect the ecological environment. Therefore, vigorously promoting the deep application technology of chemical fertilizers and generally increasing the effective utilization rate of chemical fertilizer inputs is one of the important measures to achieve the efficiency of agricultural savings.
1. Advantages of deep application of chemical fertilizer
(1) Increasing the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer: The fertilizer has a large loss on the surface of the ground, low utilization rate, short fertilizer efficiency period, poor economic benefit, and easy burning and burning of seedlings. The test shows that the utilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate is only 28.6% when the surface fertilization is applied, and only 40.1% of the urea is applied. When the chemical fertilizer is applied to the soil, the utilization rate of the corresponding nitrogen fertilizer can be increased by 9.6%-17.9%.
(2) Labor saving: The deep application of chemical fertilizer can only be applied by deep application machine, saving labor and labor, and high efficiency.
(3) drought, yield: the use of mechanical deep fertilizer in the soil in 6-8 cm under the ground, where the oxygen content is less soil, nitrification greatly reduced, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen. Root crops having resistance to fertilizer, fertilizer deep root systems allow downward for root growth, enhanced ability to absorb nutrients and crop moisture, especially in drought years and dry, crop roots can avoid dry on wet, greatly enhance crop drought resistance, but also increase crop yields.
2, the mechanical deep fertilizer technical requirements
(1) base fertilizer application depth: 6-10 cm depth fertilizer, fertilizer particles no visible surface.
(2) types of fertilizer deep application: â‘ lateral fertilizer, fertilizer applied to the lower side of the seed, wheat seed manure typically 2.5-4 cm below the side of the seed, maize seed, fertilizer typically 5.5 cm at the lower side of the seed, fertilizer should width Above 3 cm, the fat strips are even and continuous. 2 Fertilization in the positive position, the seed fertilizer is applied directly under the seed bed, the soil layer of the soybean fertilizer layer and the seed is more than 3 cm, and the depth is consistent, the fat strip is even and continuous, and the width of the fertilizer belt should be more than 3 cm.
(3) Deep application of top dressing: The depth of topdressing is 6-10 cm, and the topdressing position is 10-20 cm on both sides of the crop line, and the width of the fertilizer belt is more than 3 cm. There is no obvious broken strip in the strip, and the coverage is strict after fertilization.
3, the main models
2BT-2 type precision seeding machine, 2BTG-2 (3) universal sowing tillage machine,
2BTJ-6W type set as precision machine, BZW-4.2 type general machine.
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