The so-called saprophytic bacteria means that such germs can only grow and multiply on dead plant tissues or plant tissues that are about to die. For plant tissues with normal physiological functions and health, such pathogens cannot be directly infested, and the toxins must be secreted to kill the plant cells and the germs can be expanded. The most representative diseases caused by such pathogens are: rot on the branches of apple, pear, peach and chestnut; grape white rot, grape blight, apple mildew; apple and pear fruit after bagging Black spot disease; gray mold and sclerotinia on strawberries and vegetables are diseases caused by saprophytic bacteria.
â— apple tree and other tree species rot
Whether apple tree and other tree species can cause rot and disease, the key is the high nutrition of the tree and the health of the tree. Any factors that reduce or cause deterioration of tree nutrients and debilitating trees (such as severe shortage of organic fertilizer, severe water shortage, excessive results, partial application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, freezing damage, and early large numbers of leaves caused by defoliation and leaf mites) It is the cause of rot disease. The correct countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of rot disease are: improving the nutrition of the tree, enhancing the tree potential, making the invaded pathogens in a latent state, unable to expand, and not causing harm. The use of pesticides can only play a supporting role, and can not solve the problem fundamentally. The pesticides are the paints after the lesions are scraped. Some pesticides have a very high control effect on rot, and they are all unreal. Fruit farmers should have a clear understanding. The effect of the stain after scraping is largely dependent on whether the tree nutrition is improved. 2 to 3 times of rot, 1000 to 1500 times of endothelin, Bordeaux pulp, 5 degree stone sulphur mixture, 5% toxic bacteria 50 times, carbendazim, methyl thiophanate 50 times and 843 rehabilitative agent As a protective agent after sickness scraping. The above pesticides can be used for the production of pollution-free fruits and a-grade green foods. Not used 7 to 10 days before harvest, the first 4 can be used for aa-level green food production, reminding farmers of the fruit: Familia has been eliminated.
â— grape white rot
Grape white rot is highly virulent and can survive in the soil for 3 years. The bacteria are uploaded by the wind and rain and invade from the wound (mostly tiny wounds). After a large number of leaves of grape downy mildew, the tree is extremely weak, making it easier to infect and spread white rot. The correct countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of grape white rot are as follows: find ways to reduce the spread of germs from the place of storage to the grapes, and reduce the environmental conditions required for the infection of the bacteria. The main measures are:
(1) After the grapes fall, the mulch is covered under the shelf so that the bacteria in the soil cannot be uploaded by the wind and rain. When the membrane area accounts for 60% of the planted area, the onset of the disease can be postponed for 10 days, and the severity of the disease is greatly reduced.
(2) Before the soil is buried in the late autumn and early winter, the diseased branches will be cut off, so that the bacteria cannot come from the shelf.
(3) Before the grape begins to paint (or from the beginning of July), a special person should be inspected every day, and a small number of diseased ears (along with the landing) will be cleaned up and burned out of the garden.
(4) Seriously control leaf diseases such as downy mildew, protect good tree potential, and enhance disease resistance.
(5) Strictly control the growth of weeds, it is best to have no grass under the frame, timely drainage in the rainy season, reduce the humidity in the field, do a good summer shear, and ensure the ventilation and light transmission of the frame. These measures can alleviate the conditions required for pathogen infection.
Most of the pesticides used in the prevention and treatment of grape white rot form a film on the surface of the ear (fruit), which closes the tiny wound and makes the infection more difficult. Mainly: Bordeaux mixture (1:0.5:200), 78% Cobo 500 times, 12% green milk copper 800 times, 75% Dakoning 600 times, 80% big life 600 times. 40% Fuxing emulsifiable oil 2000 times, 10% high 1000 times higher although there is a certain systemic bactericidal effect, but because of the short course of white rot, only 4 days, it is difficult to play an effective role. Spraying starts from 7 to 10 days before flowering, once every 15 days (spray pesticides for downy mildew on June 15 and July 15), focus on protecting the ears, and stop spraying 15 days before harvesting.
â— Bagging apple, pear fruit black spot disease
The pathogens causing bagging apple and pear fruit black spot disease are mainly pink powder bacteria, followed by Alternaria. Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a typical saprophytic pathogen. After the fruit is bagged, the humidity inside the bag is high, which is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of the two kinds of bacteria. To control fruit black spot disease, we must start from the following aspects:
(1) Strict bagging requirements: ensure bagging on time and ensure the quality of bagging as required.
(2) Spray the bactericide before bagging so that the surface of the young fruit is not covered with live bacteria. After spraying, the bag can be bagged for 5 days. After 5 days, the unbagged fruit is sprayed once more to continue the set. The selected pesticides are the first to push 40% Fuxing 8000 times +1.5% polymycins 150 to 300 times, 4% agricultural anti-120 water agents 200 to 400 times, 80% big 600 times and the pesticides with proven efficacy. The secondary spray must ensure the quality, so that the fruit surface is evenly spread, and all the pathogens on the surface of the young fruit are killed. Bagging fruit black spot disease occurs in severe areas or orchards. Before the fruit tree sprouts, the whole tree sprays 0.5 to 1 Baume of stone sulfur mixture, which has a certain effect on reducing the number of mycelia.
(3) Add organic fertilizer and water it on schedule to make the tree grow robust. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of early defoliation and leaf mites, maintain a good tree and enhance disease resistance.
(4) Strengthen the winter shears so that the trees are well ventilated and well-transmitted. Pay attention to cutting off the dead branches and reducing the breeding grounds such as pink powder. Grape, strawberry gray mold and gray mold and sclerotinia on greenhouse vegetables are caused by highly virulent bacteria. These germs live on the surface of the diseased tissue for the winter. In the growing season, under high-humidity conditions (the temperature is below 20 °C), the bacteria multiply, first infecting the decayed plant tissues (such as petals, pistils, stamens), growing on them, accumulating the infective sources, and gradually moving to healthy tissues. development of. The pathogen is also infested from wound damage (tissue decay wounds, physiological cracks, insect wounds, etc.). The key technologies for controlling gray mold and sclerotinia are: 1 completely remove the diseased bodies and reduce the number of bacteria sources; 2 reduce the humidity in the greenhouse or field, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions; 3 increase the application of organic fertilizer to avoid partial application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, strengthen Plant disease resistance; 4 vegetables should pay attention to rotation, do not continuously grow susceptible vegetables. There are many pesticides that can be used to control gray mold and sclerotinia. For example, Baoguoning No. 2 has extremely high control effect on gray mold of cucumber and solanaceous vegetables in greenhouse. It should be used early, and add 1.5 kg of water per bag of Baoguoning No. 2 tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, pumpkin, Add one kilogram of water or spray to each bag of zucchini. The fruit growth period is sprayed once with 800% of the WP for 800 times, and the control effect can reach 98% or more. Trike (containing 150 million Trichoderma viable spores) 600-800 times, 2% bo-10 water agent 150 times, 1.5% polymycin-resistant 150 times, sprayed at the beginning of the disease. Trik can be used to produce a-grade, aa-grade green foods. 40% Baco WP 1500 times. Phytophthora (Zymethane) dusting agent, 1 kg powder spray per mu of greenhouse; 65% methicillin WP 600 times spray, 50% more mold power 800 times spray; 40% Sjiajia (pyrimethamine) suspension The agent is sprayed 1500 times. Suikeling and Fuhaiin have had good control effect against gray mold. Because of the use of bacteria for many years, the resistance of the bacteria has been significantly reduced, and it is not used in the old vegetable producing areas. 2.5% Sterling Suspension is a seed dressing agent. After testing, it is 1500 times more suitable for gray mold. The above pesticides must be used in the early stage of gray mold and sclerotinia, and should be used 2 to 3 times at intervals of 7 to 10 days. If the disease has occurred seriously, the application effect will not be obvious. Baoguoning No. 2, Liede, Baco, Wanmuling, Methylform, Multi-Mulberry, Shijiale, Suikeling, Puhein, and Shika are low-toxic chemical pesticides, which can be used to produce pollution-free agricultural products. Production of grade a green foods Each pesticide is only allowed to be used once a year; production of aa grade green food is not allowed. The safety interval is 7 to 14 days.
â— apple tree and other tree species rot
Whether apple tree and other tree species can cause rot and disease, the key is the high nutrition of the tree and the health of the tree. Any factors that reduce or cause deterioration of tree nutrients and debilitating trees (such as severe shortage of organic fertilizer, severe water shortage, excessive results, partial application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, freezing damage, and early large numbers of leaves caused by defoliation and leaf mites) It is the cause of rot disease. The correct countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of rot disease are: improving the nutrition of the tree, enhancing the tree potential, making the invaded pathogens in a latent state, unable to expand, and not causing harm. The use of pesticides can only play a supporting role, and can not solve the problem fundamentally. The pesticides are the paints after the lesions are scraped. Some pesticides have a very high control effect on rot, and they are all unreal. Fruit farmers should have a clear understanding. The effect of the stain after scraping is largely dependent on whether the tree nutrition is improved. 2 to 3 times of rot, 1000 to 1500 times of endothelin, Bordeaux pulp, 5 degree stone sulphur mixture, 5% toxic bacteria 50 times, carbendazim, methyl thiophanate 50 times and 843 rehabilitative agent As a protective agent after sickness scraping. The above pesticides can be used for the production of pollution-free fruits and a-grade green foods. Not used 7 to 10 days before harvest, the first 4 can be used for aa-level green food production, reminding farmers of the fruit: Familia has been eliminated.
â— grape white rot
Grape white rot is highly virulent and can survive in the soil for 3 years. The bacteria are uploaded by the wind and rain and invade from the wound (mostly tiny wounds). After a large number of leaves of grape downy mildew, the tree is extremely weak, making it easier to infect and spread white rot. The correct countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of grape white rot are as follows: find ways to reduce the spread of germs from the place of storage to the grapes, and reduce the environmental conditions required for the infection of the bacteria. The main measures are:
(1) After the grapes fall, the mulch is covered under the shelf so that the bacteria in the soil cannot be uploaded by the wind and rain. When the membrane area accounts for 60% of the planted area, the onset of the disease can be postponed for 10 days, and the severity of the disease is greatly reduced.
(2) Before the soil is buried in the late autumn and early winter, the diseased branches will be cut off, so that the bacteria cannot come from the shelf.
(3) Before the grape begins to paint (or from the beginning of July), a special person should be inspected every day, and a small number of diseased ears (along with the landing) will be cleaned up and burned out of the garden.
(4) Seriously control leaf diseases such as downy mildew, protect good tree potential, and enhance disease resistance.
(5) Strictly control the growth of weeds, it is best to have no grass under the frame, timely drainage in the rainy season, reduce the humidity in the field, do a good summer shear, and ensure the ventilation and light transmission of the frame. These measures can alleviate the conditions required for pathogen infection.
Most of the pesticides used in the prevention and treatment of grape white rot form a film on the surface of the ear (fruit), which closes the tiny wound and makes the infection more difficult. Mainly: Bordeaux mixture (1:0.5:200), 78% Cobo 500 times, 12% green milk copper 800 times, 75% Dakoning 600 times, 80% big life 600 times. 40% Fuxing emulsifiable oil 2000 times, 10% high 1000 times higher although there is a certain systemic bactericidal effect, but because of the short course of white rot, only 4 days, it is difficult to play an effective role. Spraying starts from 7 to 10 days before flowering, once every 15 days (spray pesticides for downy mildew on June 15 and July 15), focus on protecting the ears, and stop spraying 15 days before harvesting.
â— Bagging apple, pear fruit black spot disease
The pathogens causing bagging apple and pear fruit black spot disease are mainly pink powder bacteria, followed by Alternaria. Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a typical saprophytic pathogen. After the fruit is bagged, the humidity inside the bag is high, which is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of the two kinds of bacteria. To control fruit black spot disease, we must start from the following aspects:
(1) Strict bagging requirements: ensure bagging on time and ensure the quality of bagging as required.
(2) Spray the bactericide before bagging so that the surface of the young fruit is not covered with live bacteria. After spraying, the bag can be bagged for 5 days. After 5 days, the unbagged fruit is sprayed once more to continue the set. The selected pesticides are the first to push 40% Fuxing 8000 times +1.5% polymycins 150 to 300 times, 4% agricultural anti-120 water agents 200 to 400 times, 80% big 600 times and the pesticides with proven efficacy. The secondary spray must ensure the quality, so that the fruit surface is evenly spread, and all the pathogens on the surface of the young fruit are killed. Bagging fruit black spot disease occurs in severe areas or orchards. Before the fruit tree sprouts, the whole tree sprays 0.5 to 1 Baume of stone sulfur mixture, which has a certain effect on reducing the number of mycelia.
(3) Add organic fertilizer and water it on schedule to make the tree grow robust. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of early defoliation and leaf mites, maintain a good tree and enhance disease resistance.
(4) Strengthen the winter shears so that the trees are well ventilated and well-transmitted. Pay attention to cutting off the dead branches and reducing the breeding grounds such as pink powder. Grape, strawberry gray mold and gray mold and sclerotinia on greenhouse vegetables are caused by highly virulent bacteria. These germs live on the surface of the diseased tissue for the winter. In the growing season, under high-humidity conditions (the temperature is below 20 °C), the bacteria multiply, first infecting the decayed plant tissues (such as petals, pistils, stamens), growing on them, accumulating the infective sources, and gradually moving to healthy tissues. development of. The pathogen is also infested from wound damage (tissue decay wounds, physiological cracks, insect wounds, etc.). The key technologies for controlling gray mold and sclerotinia are: 1 completely remove the diseased bodies and reduce the number of bacteria sources; 2 reduce the humidity in the greenhouse or field, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions; 3 increase the application of organic fertilizer to avoid partial application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, strengthen Plant disease resistance; 4 vegetables should pay attention to rotation, do not continuously grow susceptible vegetables. There are many pesticides that can be used to control gray mold and sclerotinia. For example, Baoguoning No. 2 has extremely high control effect on gray mold of cucumber and solanaceous vegetables in greenhouse. It should be used early, and add 1.5 kg of water per bag of Baoguoning No. 2 tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, pumpkin, Add one kilogram of water or spray to each bag of zucchini. The fruit growth period is sprayed once with 800% of the WP for 800 times, and the control effect can reach 98% or more. Trike (containing 150 million Trichoderma viable spores) 600-800 times, 2% bo-10 water agent 150 times, 1.5% polymycin-resistant 150 times, sprayed at the beginning of the disease. Trik can be used to produce a-grade, aa-grade green foods. 40% Baco WP 1500 times. Phytophthora (Zymethane) dusting agent, 1 kg powder spray per mu of greenhouse; 65% methicillin WP 600 times spray, 50% more mold power 800 times spray; 40% Sjiajia (pyrimethamine) suspension The agent is sprayed 1500 times. Suikeling and Fuhaiin have had good control effect against gray mold. Because of the use of bacteria for many years, the resistance of the bacteria has been significantly reduced, and it is not used in the old vegetable producing areas. 2.5% Sterling Suspension is a seed dressing agent. After testing, it is 1500 times more suitable for gray mold. The above pesticides must be used in the early stage of gray mold and sclerotinia, and should be used 2 to 3 times at intervals of 7 to 10 days. If the disease has occurred seriously, the application effect will not be obvious. Baoguoning No. 2, Liede, Baco, Wanmuling, Methylform, Multi-Mulberry, Shijiale, Suikeling, Puhein, and Shika are low-toxic chemical pesticides, which can be used to produce pollution-free agricultural products. Production of grade a green foods Each pesticide is only allowed to be used once a year; production of aa grade green food is not allowed. The safety interval is 7 to 14 days.
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