Fertilizer is an indispensable material for the growth of medicinal plants. It plays a major role in promoting its growth and development, increasing yield and quality, but it must pay attention to rational fertilization. It cannot be applied or abused according to the traditional fertilization methods of traditional crops or other crops. . According to the relevant provisions of the standardized production of "GAP" of Chinese herbal medicines, the following points are summarized for reference by the majority of pharmaceutical farmers in production.
1. Fertilize according to the variety characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines. The types and varieties of Chinese medicinal materials are different, and the types and quantities of nutrients required for different stages of growth and development and the absorption intensity of nutrients are different. Generally for perennial, especially root and underground stem medicinal plants, such as white peony, rhubarb, Codonopsis, Achyranthes, peony, etc., mainly applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer, adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and using chemical fertilizer, To meet the nutrient needs of the entire growth cycle. In general, all-grass Chinese herbal medicines may be supplemented with nitrogen fertilizer; for Chinese herbal medicines of flowers, fruits and seeds, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. In the different growth stages of Chinese medicinal materials, fertilization is different. In the early stage of fertility, more nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the amount used is less, the concentration is lower; in the middle growth period, the dosage and concentration should be appropriately increased; in the later stage of growth, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used to promote early fruit ripening and full seeds. .
2. Fertilize according to soil characteristics. 1 sandy soil, should pay attention to organic fertilizers such as manure, compost, green manure, soil and fertilizer, etc., add clay, thicken the soil layer, enhance its water retention and fertilizer capacity. Top dressing should be applied in small amounts, avoiding the loss of too much use at one time. 2 Muscoid soil: more organic fertilizer should be applied, combined with adding sand, furnace ash and slag, to loosen the soil, create permeable and ventilating conditions, and use quick-acting fertilizer as seed fertilizer and early topdressing to facilitate seedling growth. 3 Two-in-one soil: This kind of soil has the advantages of sand and clay. It is the most ideal soil for most Chinese herbal medicines. Fertilization is combined with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and it is reasonably applied according to the needs of each growth stage of cultivars.
3. Fertilize according to the weather. In the low temperature and dry seasons and regions, it is best to apply the decomposed organic fertilizer to improve the ground temperature and the ability to protect the soil, and the fertilizer should be applied early and deeply to fully exert the fertilizer effect. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer together as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing are beneficial to early seedling growth and robust growth. In high temperature and rainy seasons and regions, fertilizers decompose quickly and plants have strong decomposition ability, so it is not easy to apply too early, and the amount of topdressing should be less and less, so as to reduce nutrient loss.
4, the principle of fertilization. 1 is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are combined. 2 Based on the base fertilizer, with the application of top dressing and seed fertilizer. 3 Mainly based on farmyard manure, combined with agricultural fertilizers. On the basis of the application of farmyard manure, the use of chemical fertilizers can take the shortcomings of the two fertilizers to make up the shortcomings, and to improve the soil fertility. At the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, overcome the side effects of simple application of chemical fertilizers, and improve the quality of Chinese herbal medicines.
1. Fertilize according to the variety characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines. The types and varieties of Chinese medicinal materials are different, and the types and quantities of nutrients required for different stages of growth and development and the absorption intensity of nutrients are different. Generally for perennial, especially root and underground stem medicinal plants, such as white peony, rhubarb, Codonopsis, Achyranthes, peony, etc., mainly applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer, adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and using chemical fertilizer, To meet the nutrient needs of the entire growth cycle. In general, all-grass Chinese herbal medicines may be supplemented with nitrogen fertilizer; for Chinese herbal medicines of flowers, fruits and seeds, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. In the different growth stages of Chinese medicinal materials, fertilization is different. In the early stage of fertility, more nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the amount used is less, the concentration is lower; in the middle growth period, the dosage and concentration should be appropriately increased; in the later stage of growth, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used to promote early fruit ripening and full seeds. .
2. Fertilize according to soil characteristics. 1 sandy soil, should pay attention to organic fertilizers such as manure, compost, green manure, soil and fertilizer, etc., add clay, thicken the soil layer, enhance its water retention and fertilizer capacity. Top dressing should be applied in small amounts, avoiding the loss of too much use at one time. 2 Muscoid soil: more organic fertilizer should be applied, combined with adding sand, furnace ash and slag, to loosen the soil, create permeable and ventilating conditions, and use quick-acting fertilizer as seed fertilizer and early topdressing to facilitate seedling growth. 3 Two-in-one soil: This kind of soil has the advantages of sand and clay. It is the most ideal soil for most Chinese herbal medicines. Fertilization is combined with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and it is reasonably applied according to the needs of each growth stage of cultivars.
3. Fertilize according to the weather. In the low temperature and dry seasons and regions, it is best to apply the decomposed organic fertilizer to improve the ground temperature and the ability to protect the soil, and the fertilizer should be applied early and deeply to fully exert the fertilizer effect. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer together as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing are beneficial to early seedling growth and robust growth. In high temperature and rainy seasons and regions, fertilizers decompose quickly and plants have strong decomposition ability, so it is not easy to apply too early, and the amount of topdressing should be less and less, so as to reduce nutrient loss.
4, the principle of fertilization. 1 is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are combined. 2 Based on the base fertilizer, with the application of top dressing and seed fertilizer. 3 Mainly based on farmyard manure, combined with agricultural fertilizers. On the basis of the application of farmyard manure, the use of chemical fertilizers can take the shortcomings of the two fertilizers to make up the shortcomings, and to improve the soil fertility. At the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, overcome the side effects of simple application of chemical fertilizers, and improve the quality of Chinese herbal medicines.
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