Types of spring materials The most widely used spring material is spring steel (SUP). Other steel or copper alloy wires listed in Table A are used depending on the purpose of use. Table A General types of materials used for springs JIS No. Symbol Spring Steel G 4081 SUP Hard Steel Wire G 3521 SW Steel Wire G 3522 SWP Oil Tempered Steel Wire - Stainless Steel Wire G 4309 SUS-WH Brass Wire H 3521 BsW White Copper Line H 3721 HSWS phosphor bronze wire H 3751 PBW beryllium copper wire H 3803 BeCuW A. Carbon steel and alloy steel: When manufacturing springs, metal elements such as niobium, manganese, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum are often added to the steel to increase spring elasticity. And fatigue limit, and make it resistant to impact. a. Large-size springs are mostly processed by hot work, ie, the spring material is rolled into rods at high temperature, and after high-temperature forming, it is quenched in oil or water at a temperature of about 780 to 850 degrees, and is then tempered at a temperature of 400 to 500 degrees. b. Small springs, which are first annealed, then cold processed, rolled and then tempered, such as steel wire, piano wire, or steel tape. c. The piano wire is made of high-carbon steel (0.65~0.95%), with few impurities, and when the diameter is often less than 1/4, it is pumped into a line at room temperature after deuteration and its mechanical properties are good. Excellent coil spring material. d.Stainless steel wire is used in places subject to corrosion, high temperature steel and stainless steel are used to withstand high temperatures. e. Oxygen tempering lines containing 0.6 to 0.7% of carbon should contain manganese, 0.6 to 1.0% are commonly used for coil springs, f. Plate springs are commonly used for 0.9 to 1.0% of ordinary steel, and higher grades use chrome vanadium steel and niobium. Manganese steel. 2 Non-ferrous and non-ferrous alloy steels: a. The alloy can not be hardened by heat treatment. It can be rolled only. b. For spring copper alloys, there are phosphor bronze, brass, etc. The elasticity is better than that of steel for inferior combustion and corrosion resistance. It is generally used for the springs of chemical machines, and because of the non-magnetic relationship, it can be used for springs for electrical testers. c. Monel is an alloy of copper and nickel used in the food industry and represented by K. d. Inconel (75% Ni, 15% Cr, 10% Fe) does not relax at high temperatures (within 700 degrees F) and is used in boilers, turbines, and springs in jet engines. 3. Rubber spring: a. Function for absorbing shock and shock movement. b. Many of the resin materials can also be used as spring materials.