In addition, due to the pressure of production capacity, the price of chips in the upstream and downstream of the LED industry has dropped significantly. For example, Shenyang Fangda Semiconductor Lighting is affected by the falling price of LED epitaxial wafers and chips, and the net profit in 2011. The loss was 17.29 million yuan. At the same time, entrepreneurs believe that the continuous improvement of human and land costs in recent years, for large enterprises in the middle and upper reaches of LED, means a sharp decline in gross profit; for small and medium-sized enterprises, it means meager profit and life and death. Third, there is a shortage of funds for development and lack of channels for market expansion. Some entrepreneurs believe that in 2011, under the tightening monetary policy environment, affected by factors such as quota restrictions and deposit-loan ratio constraints, it has made it more difficult for domestic enterprises to obtain bank loans; and the SMEs in the LED industry are mostly, so the monetary tightening The impact on the LED industry is broader and deeper. Reluctance to lend, delay in lending, reduction of quotas, and long-term loans to short-term loans have become the usual tricks for banks to deal with LED companies. LED SMEs have to face financing difficulties. According to the Shenzhen LED Industry Association, LED small and micro enterprises mainly obtain revolving funds through joint guarantees, guarantee companies or microfinance companies. However, the access methods or access thresholds of these funds are too high, or the qualifications for guarantees are too strict. Or interest and risk are too high, often making small and micro enterprises discouraged but have to take risks. At the same time, due to factors such as the sharp fall in product prices and the decline in orders, domestic small and medium-sized LED companies have lost their self-accumulated endogenous financing functions, and many LED companies are facing financial difficulties. More entrepreneurs pointed out that for the LED industry, it is more important to be wary of the "triangular debt" that has been popular in the industry for many years. Once the capital chain breaks, many enterprises will fall into bankruptcy. The decline of star companies such as Vision Optoelectronics is a vivid example. In addition, in the face of the severe moments of orders reduction in overseas markets, domestic LED companies are hoping to seek a development path of “export to domestic salesâ€; it should be said that LED manufacturing enterprises engaged in foreign trade export, in terms of quality and technology, etc. Have certain advantages. However, the competition system of the foreign LED market is relatively complete. As long as the product quality is reliable, there is no better sales, and the domestic market is relatively immature. The key to product competitiveness comes from the low price of products, the public relations ability and the relationship of the company. Therefore, how to create new network resources, public relations capabilities, establish a sales channel system into the supermarket, professional supporting market, from a single export-oriented development to the full use of domestic and foreign markets, has become a number of LED manufacturing enterprises engaged in foreign trade exports The dilemma facing. The deeper reasons behind the dilemma Through research, entrepreneurs also generally recognize that there are some deep-seated reasons behind the difficulties and problems faced by LED companies. First, the lack of LED core technology has led to weak industrial competitiveness. Some experts from the Shenzhen LED Industry Association and the Shanghai Pudong New Area Optoelectronics Industry Association pointed out that foreign companies represented by Japan’s Nichia and Toyota Synthetic, Cree in the US, and Philips and Osram in Europe, Mastering the core technology and possessing most of the core patent technologies of LED epitaxial wafer, chip manufacturing and blue light and white light, and through the mutual authorization and cooperation, it has built a strict patent technology network around the world. According to the "LED Industry Patent Situation Analysis Report" jointly issued by the Guangdong Provincial Intellectual Property Office and the Guangdong Provincial Information Industry Department, Japan accounts for 27.9% of the world's patent-related patent applications, and China only accounts for 9.34%. Relevant surveys also show that packaging is the main R&D and application field in China, and the number of patent applications accounts for 39% of the total. Others are application technology, epitaxial technology, chip technology, white light technology and substrate technology. The related patents mainly involve the preparation of LEDs. Methods and equipment. In general, most of China's LED companies do not master the core technology, compared with foreign counterparts. In the survey, according to experts from the Shenzhen LED Industry Association, due to the lack of core patents in domestic enterprises, as the influence of enterprises in the international market continues to increase, they have begun to encounter patent technical barriers. Shenzhen enterprises have started earlier than other regions in China. In the early days of patent litigation, in recent years, three companies in Shenzhen have been subject to lawsuits by Japanese and other giants. At the same time, entrepreneurs also believe that, on the one hand, more than 4,000 companies in the LED downstream application industry are basically the same products, that is, using the same materials and the same control system, selling to the same market and customers, can not form a differentiation. It will inevitably lead to fierce price competition for terminal application products. On the other hand, in the LED industry, especially in the downstream application industry of LED, many companies are working in a workshop, just doing simple assembly work, and then using the relationship to run the order, so it is easy to fall when the market suddenly changes. In the face of fierce competition in the LED market, if short-term benefits are obtained only by lowering prices, rather than promoting technological progress in terms of luminous efficiency, longevity, quality, design, etc., then this short-term profit-making method is not conducive to The brand building of LED enterprises is also not conducive to the improvement of the technical level of the LED industry, and is not conducive to the healthy development of the entire LED industry chain. Second, the imperfect national standards, norms and testing systems have made it difficult to cultivate effective market demand. During the investigation, all parties reflected that after years of development in China's LED industry, although it is already a big LED producing country and a large application country, because the LED industry lacks national standards recognized by the industry, the testing system has not yet been established, which not only causes the enterprises in the LED industry to be mixed. It has also led to the emergence of many unfair competition phenomena such as the quality of LED products and the advertisements and advertisements, which have caused the disorderly competition in the current LED industry. Some entrepreneurs have reported that because the LED industry does not have a national standard, it is completely based on customer standards. Some customers prefer to use poor quality LED products rather than good quality because of the low requirements on product life and profit. LED terminal products, so companies that do high-end LED products may be affected, which will lead to the phenomenon of "bad money driving out good money" in the market, because low-end products can easily get the project through low prices. At the same time, because the country does not stipulate uniform and necessary testing items and links, it also leads to uneven quality of LED products. The phenomenon of low-price competitive sales is very serious, and the qualified rate of product quality is relatively low. Some entrepreneurs also believe that technical standards and norms are also necessary from the perspective of micro-management of enterprises. On the one hand, there are few standards related to the LED industry at home and abroad, and there are few major components, technical processes and key performances of the LED industry, and the standards for the detection of corresponding indicators are also scarce. To this end, companies have to produce more and more specifications of products, and some companies only have more than 600 types of lamps, resulting in more and more out of control of the production line. On the other hand, the current OEM phenomenon in the LED industry is widespread. Some enterprises are unable to increase the product's unqualified condition because of the lack of ability to effectively control the foundry with technical standards and specifications. In September 2012, the Guangdong Provincial Quality Supervision Bureau conducted a spot check on self-ballasted LED lights produced by 21 companies in 7 cities including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Zhongshan, Huizhou and Dongguan. The results of the sampling inspection showed that they were spot checks. Of the 23 batches of self-ballasted LEDs, 17 batches were unqualified, and the failure rate was as high as 73.9%. Entrepreneurs generally believe that the domestic LED lighting industry frequently has quality problems such as low product pass rate, and one of the main sources is the lack of standards in the domestic LED lighting industry. If the quality of the product cannot be guaranteed, it will inevitably seriously affect the reputation of LED products, making consumers doubt the quality of LED products, affecting consumers' confidence in LED products, and increasing the difficulty of market expansion. In contrast to the delay in the national standard, foreign companies have taken the lead in the development of LED standards. Osram, Philips, Panasonic, Toshiba and other international lighting giants established the "ZHAGA Alliance" in early 2010. The alliance is mainly to standardize the product standards of LED optical engines, covering physical dimensions, optical, electrical, light distribution, heat dissipation and other major links. Standards help prevent market differentiation of non-compatible optical engine products, and ultimately achieve compatibility, interchangeability, replacement, etc. between different manufacturers in the ZHAGA Alliance. Some entrepreneurs pointed out that China's LED products are mainly focused on the application of lighting products. Now, if the international giants master the relevant standards of LED products, it is likely to gradually erode the domestic market, which is not conducive to the development of China's LED industry. Moreover, domestic enterprises must participate in the formulation of international standards, and domestic research must also be carried out. Therefore, from the perspective of participating in the development of international standards, it is not only an urgent and important task to grasp the national standards for LED-related products, but also the key to whether a country can win international competition. At the same time, industry experts and entrepreneurs generally believe that the development of China's LED industry must rely on the guidance of national standards such as product standards and energy efficiency standards. With a unified national standard, whether or not to test the certification, at least know what to detect, where to authenticate, can help solve industry chaos. The introduction and implementation of national standards and testing systems not only contributes to the improvement of LED product quality and service life, but also contributes to the expansion of market share of LED companies with heavy quality and heavy brand, and is more conducive to LEDs with technical strength and channel strength. Enterprises are bigger and stronger and the technology upgrade of the LED industry. Cultivating and developing the LED industry needs to open up new ideas. We hope to look at the development of the LED industry more rationally, avoiding only paying attention to speed and neglecting the rhythm, avoiding focusing on fast and neglecting stability. I hope that the development of China's LED industry is based on the health of industrial development. "Volume" replaces "power"; I hope that the development of China's LED industry is not C2C (Copy to China). Therefore, we must select appropriate policy points to promote the healthy and orderly development of the LED industry. First, improve the industrial technology level and innovation ability, and improve the industrial competitiveness. First, we must overcome the current decentralization and repeated investment of various departments, strengthen resource integration, and improve the technical level of R&D. It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design and overall arrangement of resources, concentrate strength, integrate resources, and optimize the allocation of industrial resources. Relying on key areas to establish a joint innovation center, further realize the integration of innovation resources and the sharing of innovation results, and strengthen the voice of industry standards and the initiative of foreign patent negotiations on the basis of enhancing the overall innovation capability of the industry. Guide and support the leading enterprises with relevant technical background as the main body, and strengthen the technical research including the extension, chip, packaging, LED application products and supporting raw materials, equipment and other key links, key components, key common technologies and major products, and strive to be in some There are major technological breakthroughs in key areas. At the same time, tracking the development of the third generation of wide bandgap semiconductor technology, choosing the right time, proactively arranging the next generation of advanced technology projects, and striving to take the lead in the new round of technology competition. The second is to attach importance to the joint research of industry, academia and research to promote collaborative innovation. LED lighting involves a wide range of technical disciplines, such as LED chips, substrate materials, packaging and circuit drives, secondary optical design, etc. covering semiconductor materials, microelectronics, computer-aided design, optics, electricity, thermals, etc. The policy must promote the close cooperation of well-known institutions, research institutions and core enterprises at home and abroad to achieve joint research, promote the division of labor between various disciplines, and the mutual cooperation of various professional talent teams, in order to effectively overcome the limited innovation and innovation of individual enterprises. The shortcomings of lack of ability. The third is to pay attention to market demand for the leading and driving role of innovation. The technological accumulation and core capabilities of developed countries and giant companies are not achieved in the short term by purchasing patents and acquiring foreign companies. At the same time, since 2010, the global LED industry has formed a scale of 1:4:9 in the middle and lower reaches, while the total profit of the downstream application market has accounted for 52% of the total industry chain profit, changing the downstream and middle and upper reaches of the original industrial chain. The pattern of profit 3:7. It can be seen that with the continuous expansion of the downstream application market, the value space of the LED application link is expected to further expand. Therefore, policies should also focus on encouraging enterprises to strengthen their understanding of the market to get rid of product homogenization, face the application requirements of different regions, different countries and different industries, grasp various development opportunities, win the market through product cost-effective advantages and drive Improvement of technical capabilities. The fourth is to further improve and implement the “first set†support and other related policies. When implementing the “first set†support policy for key equipment, on the one hand, we must strengthen the transparency of policies, so that enterprises and users can understand policies in all aspects; on the other hand, we must recognize the participation and interaction of users in innovation activities, and establish the use of domestically produced first The risk compensation mechanism for the set of products. In view of the need for epitaxy after MOCVD is delivered, chip manufacturers also need to go through the installation and testing of MOCVD equipment and supporting peripheral equipment, process setting of equipment parameters, trial production and gradually improve product yield until stability, and finally achieve a gradual increase in production. The process of designing capacity. Among them, the equipment parameter process setting is the core and the key. The two international MOCVD giants start from the process and gradually integrate the process into the equipment to realize the equipment as the process service. If the state-owned enterprise only provides equipment and cannot provide the relevant process routes that belong to the black box and require experience, it will inevitably lead to the immaturity of the final product. In a sense, the first (batch) user becomes the subject of the risk of the first (set, batch) product in the innovation process. Therefore, in order to solve the worries of users, it is recommended that users who purchase the first set of products in China will be given a certain proportion of subsidies according to the purchase price. At the same time, it is stipulated that the purchase of state-owned enterprises must give priority to the first set of products and give the same price subsidy. It is beneficial for key equipment manufacturers in the LED industry to reduce market risks. It is also conducive to encouraging key equipment manufacturers to increase R&D investment and replace imports through independent research and development. It is also conducive to changing the low-end position of China's LED industry in the global value chain. Second, rationally formulate a standard system and testing system suitable for industrial development to guide the healthy development of the industry. The healthy development of the LED industry requires that there must be compatible product standards and testing systems. The battle for LED standards has become the weight of countries to seize the future LED market. At present, the International Electrotechnical Commission, the International Commission on Illumination and some international LED companies such as Philips and Osram attach great importance to standard issues and regulate the radio and television parameters of lighting LEDs, such as voltage, current, luminous flux, color coordinates, color temperature, color rendering, and lifetime. And other indicators. In the face of the globalization trend of the LED industry, the formulation of national standards must strengthen international cooperation and draw on existing local standards and other countries' existing norms. Facing the situation that the LED industry spans multiple fields, it is recommended that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Standardization Administration Committee, the National Development and Reform Commission and other relevant departments take the lead, through the full demonstration and solicitation of opinions, through testing, testing, on-site evaluation, suggesting changes, and establishing standards. The path accelerates the establishment of sound technical standards, testing and certification systems for the LED industry, promotes technological advancement, promotes cost reduction, drives quality improvement, regulates market order, and guides the healthy development of the LED industry. In view of the continuous development and improvement of LED technology, the technology has not been finalized, and the standards formulated must be combined with the specific conditions of domestic industrial development. On the one hand, the standard cannot be set too high and the enterprise cannot be realized. Nor can the standard be lagging behind and out of date, and cannot keep up with the pace of technological development. On the other hand, it must also prevent excessive and a few corporate interests. A few companies use unfair competition in standard monopoly markets. Therefore, it is recommended to establish a national-level standard alliance in a timely manner to build a communication platform between LED companies and government authorities. Third, rationally and scientifically formulate consumer support policies to further develop, nurture and develop the LED domestic market. In view of the potentially huge economic and social benefits of the LED lighting industry, countries around the world have developed development plans and support policies for cultivating the domestic consumer market in the early stages of their development. At the same time, China's LED industry has to enter a new development process. If it is difficult to achieve breakthroughs in the short term by the industry's own rolling development, it is necessary to start the market through the policy support of the state and local governments. At the same time, as an industry that relies heavily on the government, its development depends on the scientificity and stability of government policies. Therefore, the establishment of the correct incentive mechanism is the key to promoting the development and growth of LED enterprises with advanced technology, process and management capabilities, and preventing the inefficient replication of paintings and the development of paintings. We believe that we must continue to guide and encourage LED applications through policy guidance. The subsidies for LED products should be based on consumers, allowing consumers and the market to determine the survival of enterprises and realize a new path to promote the development of LED industry from the consumer side. First, continue to increase the priority of government procurement, and actively expand the application range of LED products. That is, LED products are used in government-funded or government-managed public works such as offices, street lamps, subways, schools, hospitals, landscape lighting, and decorative lighting. The second is to encourage end users to adopt LED products with energy-saving effects through “post-subsidy subsidiesâ€. On the one hand, when the project investment chooses products, it will change from low price to quality and improve the efficiency of product use; on the other hand, it can effectively prevent the problems of deception, poor quality and poor supervision caused by the “pre-subsidy†method. On the one hand, it will increase the application of industrial and commercial fields with the most obvious energy-saving effect and the most suitable promotion. Select industrial and commercial enterprises with large lighting usage as pilot units to promote LED products; on the other hand, give household LED products to ordinary consumers. A certain degree of price subsidy to overcome the predicament that restricts the high cost and cost-effectiveness of consumer purchase.
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